Why cells divide
Type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
Type of cell division that produces gametes.
Meiosis
What cells undergo mitosis?
Body Cells
What is the primary purpose of meiosis?
To produce gametes (sperm and eggs) for sexual reproduction.
Structures that pull chromosomes apart during cell division.
Spindle Fibers
The phase of both mitosis and meiosis where chromosomes condense and become visible.
Prophase
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend most of its life?
Interphase
List the four stages of mitosis.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
How many rounds of division occur in meiosis?
Two rounds of division.
Which process is involved in asexual reproduction?
Mitosis
What is the term for the process by which a cell's DNA is copies before it divides?
DNA replication/synthesis
The cell structure that disappears during prophase and reappears in telophase.
Nuclear Envelope
The stage in meiosis where homologous chromosomes are separated.
Anaphase I
How many chromosomes does a human gamete have after meiosis?
23 chromosomes.
How many chromosomes do daughter cells have after mitosis compared to meiosis?
Daughter cells from mitosis have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell; meiosis produces cells with half the number.
The process that restores the diploid number when gametes fuse.
Fertilization
The genetic result of meiosis that increases variation.
Genetic Recombination
What is cytokinesis?
The process that divides the cytoplasm of a parent cell into two daughter cells.
What is crossing over, and when does it occur?
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
The phase of meiosis when chromosomes align at the equator in both divisions.
Metaphase I and Metaphase II
The term for cells that contain half the number of chromosomes.
Haploid
Differentiate allele from gene.
Gene - Trait
Allele - Specific trait; type of the gene
The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis.
Nondisjunction
The number of chromatids present in a human cell at metaphase of mitosis.
92
The term for the arrangement of chromosomes in homologous pairs during meiosis.
Synapsis