Plant Party
What are the two main reactants needed for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
How is oxygen produced during the light-dependent reaction?
splitting of water
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
Glucose and oxygen
Name one similarity between photosynthesis and cellular respiration
- energy transformation
-ETC
What is alcoholic fermentation, and which organisms use it?
A process that converts pyruvate to alcohol and carbon dioxide; used by yeast and some bacteria
What are the products formed by photosynthesis?
glucose & oxygen
Why is the light-independent reaction dependent on the light-dependent reaction?
It uses the ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reaction to make glucose
What are the main outputs of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
Name one key difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis stores energy by making glucose; respiration releases energy by breaking it down
What function does fermentation serve to insure glycolysis can continue?
It restores NAD+ so glycolysis can continue without oxygen being present
Where in the chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions occur?
LDR- thylakoid membrane
LIR- Stroma
What happens to ATP when it breaks down into ADP during photosynthesis?
It releases energy for the light-independent reactions by breaking the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group of ATP.
What is anaerobic respiration and when does it occur?
Respiration without oxygen, occurring when oxygen is low or absent
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration complement each other in terms of inputs and outputs?
The outputs of photosynthesis (glucose and oxygen) are inputs for respiration, and vice versa
What is cyanide’s effect on the mitochondria during cellular respiration?
It inhibits the electron transport chain, stopping ATP production
During photosynthesis, water is used in which process and what role does it play?
Light-dependent reaction; water is split to provide electrons and release oxygen
What molecule(s) carries energy from the light-dependent reactions to the Calvin cycle?
ATP & NADPH
What is glycolysis and how does it continue functioning during respiration?
Glycolysis breaks glucose into pyruvate and continues by recycling NAD+ through fermentation or respiration
In terms of energy, how is ATP produced differently in photosynthesis compared to cellular respiration? (think locations)
Photosynthesis produces ATP in the light-dependent reactions; respiration produces ATP mainly in the electron transport chain
Why would oxygen levels be high in the blood of a victim of cyanide poisoning?
Oxygen is blocked from being the final electron acceptor. Without this step, oxygen does not get converted to water and the electron transport chain comes to a halt- stopping ATP production.
How can factors like light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Increasing light intensity increases the rate up to a point, after which it plateaus
How do the photosystems I and II work together to produce ATP and NADPH during the light-dependent reactions?
Photosystem II absorbs light and uses the energy to split water, releasing oxygen and electrons. These electrons travel through the electron transport chain, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. Then, photosystem I absorbs light to re-energize the electrons, which are finally transferred to NADP+ to form NADPH.
Name the two specific types of anaerobic respiration and an example organism that uses fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation (yeast) and lactic acid fermentation (muscle cells)
Compare how ATP is generated in photosynthesis versus cellular respiration, focusing on the processes and energy sources involved.
In photosynthesis, ATP is generated during the light-dependent reactions using light energy to drive chemiosmosis in the thylakoid membranes. In cellular respiration, ATP is produced mainly in the mitochondria via oxidative phosphorylation, where energy from electrons released by glucose breakdown drives ATP synthesis.
Explain why organisms switch from aerobic respiration to fermentation and the energy differences.
When oxygen is low, fermentation allows glycolysis to continue but produces less ATP than aerobic respiration