Cell Division, Growth, and reproduction
The Process of Cell Division
Mitosis Phases
Regulating the Cell Cycle
Cell Differentiation
100
The SA:V ratio does what as a cell increases in size?
Decreases
100
During which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur?
The M phase
100
Name the phase: Cells do most of their growing during this phase
Interphase/G1
100
What is responsible for regulating the cell cycle?
Regulatory proteins (Cyclin)
100
Define differentiation
The process by which cells become specialized
200
A large SA:V ratio has what kinds of implications for the cell?
Relieves DNA Overload, Increases transfer of nutrients/waste efficiency, Results in a smaller cell
200
A carrot has 18 chromosomes. If a parent carrot cell is taken and grown in the lab and undergoes mitosis to produce two daughter cells, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain?
18
200
Name the phase: The nucleolus reappears and the nuclear envelopes form around chromosomes
Telophase
200
External regulators are proteins that respond to events outside the cell. What is one important group of external regulators called?
Growth factors
200
Which of the following terms would be associated with EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS: Totipotent, Pluripotent, Multipotent
Pluripotent
300
What is produced by mitosis?
2 daughter cells that each receives its own copy of the parent cell's DNA
300
What is chromatin?
It is a substance that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histone proteins.
300
Name the phase: The centromeres of the duplicated chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
Metaphase
300
What is the ultimate cause of cancer?
Defects in the genes that regulate cell growth and division
300
What are the benefits of stem cell therapy?
Repair or replace badly damaged cells and tissues.
400
How are living things able to grow?
By producing more cells through cell division
400
True or false: Binary fission occurs in eukaryotic organisms
False. Only prokaryotes undergo binary fission
400
Name the Phase: Chromosomes separate and move along spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell
Anaphase
400
What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?
A benign tumor does not spread to surrounding healthy tissue or to other parts of the body. Malignant tumors invade and destroy surrounding healthy tissue.
400
What is the difference between a totipotent cell, a pluriopotent cell, and a multipotent cell?
Totipotent cells can become ANY cell in the body. Pluripotent cells can become ALMOST any cell in the body. Multipotent cells are limited, and can only become the same cell as the organ they were taken from.
500
What is the difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction is the production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent. Sexual reproduction is when offspring inherit some of their genetic information from each parent.
500
How are eukaryotic chromosomes different from prokaryotic chromosomes?
Eukaryotic organisms contain more DNA than prokaryotes and will often contain multiple chromosomes, whereas prokaryotes have only one chromosome. Prokaryotes have a circular chromosome, and eukaryotic chromosomes are arranged in bundles of tightly coiled DNA and protein.
500
Name the phase: Genetic material condenses and the duplicated chromosomes are visible
Prophase
500
What are three methods that are used to treat cancer and how does the treatment work?
Surgery - Tumor is removed from the body. Chemotherapy - Attack and destroy all cells Radiation - Damage cancer DNA, preventing the DNA from being duplicated.
500
From where within the blastocyst are embryonic stem cells harvested?
Inner Mass
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