Vocabulary
Cell Growth
Cell Division
Regulating the Cell Cycle
Mitosis
100
one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope
What is a centriole?
100
Before cell division occurs, the cell replicates, or copies, all of its DNA.
What happens before cell division?
100
G1, S, and G2.
Name the main events of the cell cycle.
100
disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth
What is cancer?
100
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
What is mitosis?
200
process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
What is cell division?
200
This replication of DNA solves the problem of information storage because each daughter cell gets one complete set of genetic information. Thus, each daughter cell receives its own genetic “library.”
How is a cell's DNA like the books in a library?
200
During prophase, the chromosomes become visible. During metaphase, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. During anaphase, the centromeres that join the sister chromatids split, allowing the sister chromatids to separate and become individual chromosomes. In telophase, the chromosomes, which were distinct and condensed, begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material.
Describe what happens during each of the four phases of mitosis.
200
they divide uncontrollably
What happens when cells do not respond to the signals that normally regulate their growth?
200
first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
What is prophase?
300
one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome
What is chromatid?
300
Each daughter cell has an increased ratio of surface area to volume.
As a cell increases in size, which increases more rapidly, its surface area or its volume?
300
an “in-between” period of growth in the cell cycle
Describe what happens during interphase.
300
When cells come into contact with other cells, they respond by not growing.
How do cells respond to contact with other cells?
300
second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
What is metaphase?
400
area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
What is the centromere?
400
replication of DNA solves the problem of information storage because each daughter cell gets one complete set of genetic information. Cell division also solves the problem of increasing size by reducing cell volume.
Give two reasons why cells divide.
400
Chromosomes are made up of DNA,which carries the cell's coded genetic information,and proteins
What are chromosomes made of?
400
An astonishing number of cancer cells have a defect in a gene called p53, which normally halts the cell cycle until all chromosomes have been properly replicated.
Why can cancer be considered a disease of the cell cycle?
400
the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles
What is anaphase?
500
fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis
What is a spindle?
500
Before it becomes too large, a growing cell divides forming two “daughter” cells.
What happens before a cell becomes too large?
500
In most prokaryotes, the rest of the process of cell division is a simple matter of separating the contents of the cell into two parts.
How do prokaryotic cells divide?
500
Cyclins, Internal regulators allow the cell cycle to proceed only when certain processes have happened inside the cell. External regulators direct cells to speed up or slow down the cell cycle.
What chemicals regulate the cell cycle? How do they work?
500
fourth and final phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material
What is telophase?
M
e
n
u