The Cell Cycle
What happens in Gap 1?
Cell increase in size, and organelles increase in number
What are the 4 phases of Mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
What is Apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
removal and recycling of dead/ unwanted cells
What is binary fission?
asexual reproduction of a single-celled organism by division into two roughly equal parts
What is an organ system?
A collection of organs that carry out specific functions
What happens in Synthesis ?
Cell makes copies of DNA
What is a chromatid?
One half of a duplicated chromosome
What is a tumor?
A disorganized group of cancer cells
What is primarily duplicated in binary fission?
DNA
this unique type of body cell has the ability to divide and renew themselves over a long period of time
Stem cell
What happens in Gap 2 ?
Additional growth, checkpoint to make sure everything is in order to proceed with mitosis
group of proteins that wraps around DNA and compacts it
What does metastasize mean?
to spread or break away
What is an advantage of binary fission?
No resources needed
What is cell differentiation?
unspecialized cells develop into their mature forms and functions
What happens in Mitosis ?
Division of cell nucleus and content.
What happens in interphase?
cell prepares to divide. At the end of interphase a cell will have duplicated DNA/Chromosomes and is large enough to divide.
What is a carcinogen?
A substance that promotes the development of cancer
What is a disadvantage of binary fission?
lack of genetic diversity can lead to death of the cell
What can stem cells be used for?
Treating cancer and curing diseases
Repairing and replacing organs
What happens in cytokinesis?
process that divides cells cytoplasm
What are telomeres?
the ends of a chromosome. help prevent loss of genes.
What are two internal factors of cell division?
Kinases- an enzyme that transfer phosphate from one molecule to another
Cyclins- group of proteins that are rapidly made and destroyed at certain points in the cycle
Organisms such as starfish can reproduce by a type of mitosis called?
Fragmentation
what are the three classification of stem cells?
totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent