Cell Division
This stage of mitosis is characterised by chromosomes lining up along the cell's equator.
Metaphase
This type of cell division produces four genetically unique haploid cells.
What is meiosis?
DNA stands for this.
What is Deoxyribonucleic Acid?
This process produces an identical copy of a DNA molecule before cell division.
What is DNA replication?
A karyotype is a display of these structures arranged in pairs according to size and shape.
What are chromosomes?
These structures attach to chromosomes and help pull sister chromatids apart during mitosis.
Spindle Fibres
During this stage of Meiosis I, homologous chromosome pairs are separated by spindle fibres and moved to the poles of the cell.
Anaphase I
The shape of a DNA molecule is commonly described as this.
What is a double helix?
This enzyme unwinds and "unzips" the DNA double helix during replication.
What is helicase?
A normal human karyotype contains this number of chromosomes.
What is 46 chromosomes?
The primary purpose of mitosis is to produce these types of cells.
What are genetically identical daughter cells?
This process occurs during prophase I when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.
What is crossing over?
These nitrogenous bases pair together in DNA: adenine pairs with this base, and guanine pairs with this base.
What are thymine and cytosine?
These are the complementary base-pairing rules followed during DNA replication.
What are A pairs with T, and G pairs with C?
These chromosomes determine an individual's biological sex.
What are the sex chromosomes?
During this stage, the nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes.
What is telophase?
These two mechanisms in meiosis generate genetic variation in offspring.
What are crossing over and independent assortment?
DNA is made up of repeating units called these.
What are nucleotides?
This enzyme adds complementary nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.
What is DNA polymerase?
This chromosomal condition is identified by the presence of three copies of chromosome 21.
What is Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)?
This process follows mitosis and divides the cytoplasm to form two separate cells.
What is cytokinesis?
Humans have this number of chromosomes in each gamete produced by meiosis.
What is 23 chromosomes?
Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a ___________ molecule.
Sugar
DNA replication occurs during this stage of the cell cycle, before mitosis or meiosis.
What is the S (Synthesis) phase of interphase?
A male human karyotype contains these sex chromosomes.
Question: What are XY chromosomes?
What are XY chromosomes?