Prokaryotic Cells
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A simple cell with no nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A more complex cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What is the function of the cell wall?
Provides rigid structure to cells like plant, fungi, and bacteria cells
Name one similarity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
cell membrane, ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm
The first scientist to observe living cells
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Name one example of a prokaryotic organism.
bacteria, archaea
What is the cell wall in plants and fungi made out of?
plants - cellulose
fungi - chitin
What structure is responsible for creating ribosomes?
the nucleolus
Describe one difference in DNA structure between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Eukaryotic- organized into chromosomes inside the nucleus
Prokaryotic- floating in the nucleoid
What is the structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell?
Organelle
What is the primary function of the cell wall in prokaryotes?
Helps maintain cell shape
What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
Manages cell functions, control center of the cell, holds DNA
Describe the role of ribosomes in cells.
Assemble protein from amino acids
What is the significance of cell size in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic is smaller and less complex than eukaryotic cells.
What are the three organelles that are present in plants but absent in animals
cell wall, chloroplast, large central vacuole
How do prokaryotic cells reproduce?
binary fission
How do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes contain nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesize complex carbohydrates and lipids.
How do the functions of ribosomes differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
They still produce protein in both cells, but the ribosomes in prokaryotic cells are simpler.
In which type of cell does amoeba belong to?
What is the significance of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?
carries non-essential genes that provide survival advantages
Explain the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.
Break down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP
How do lysosomes contribute to cellular function?
They break down old or damaged cell parts and waste
Compare and contrast the life cycles of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of reproduction.
Pro= asexual, eu= asexual and sexual reproduction
What is the significance of the pili in terms of genetic diversity among bacteria?
Aids in the transfer of genetic material through conjugation, often transferring genes necessary for survival