Basics
What structure controls what enters and exits the cell?
The cell membrane
The cell membrane is made of a double layer of what molecules?
Phospholipids
In diffusion, do molecules move from high to low concentration or low to high concentration?
High to low concentration
True or false: osmosis requires ATP.
False
In active transport, do molecules move from high to low concentration or low to high concentration?
Low to high
What term describes a membrane that allows some substances to pass but not others?
Selectively permeable
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?
The phosphate head
This type of passive transport is for water
Osmosis
Through which channels does water move during osmosis?
Aquaporins
What do cells need for this type of transport? be specific
ATP
What model describes the flexible, moving nature of the cell membrane?
The fluid mosaic model
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?
The lipid tails
What type of diffusion uses transport proteins but no energy?
Facilitated diffusion
What solution causes a cell to swell or burst?
Hypotonic solution
What proteins use ATP to move substances against the gradient?
Pump proteins
Name one function of the cell membrane besides transport.
Separates the cell from the environment OR recognizes chemical signals
What molecule helps maintain membrane fluidity and structure?
Cholesterol
Name one molecule that moves by simple diffusion.
Oxygen or carbon dioxide
In which solution does a cell shrink?
Hypertonic solution
What process brings materials into the cell using vesicles?
Endocytosis
Why can glucose enter a cell while some similarly sized molecules cannot, even though both are dissolved in water?
Because the membrane is selectively permeable and requires specific transport proteins. Also ,glucose is too big.
What type of membrane protein has a carbohydrate chain used for cell identification?
Marker proteins (glycoproteins)
What is the name of the two types of proteins used in facilitated diffusion
protein channels and carrier
What solution do cells try to reach, or what is the term called when movement of water stops?
Isotonic solution/equilibrium
The release of materials in and out of the cell using vesicles is an example of what kind of transport (do not say active)?
Bulk transport