The cell cycle (Mitosis, Interphase, Cytokinesis)
What is the process of regular growth and division that cells undergo?
The cell cycle
What controls all of the cell's activities?
The nucleus
What is the tough, nonliving, outer layer of each plant cell that gives the cell shape, strength, and support?
The cell wall
What is a cell?
The basic unit of a living thing.
What is the shape of a plant cell?
Rectangle with rigid edges.
When does DNA replication occur?
During Interphase
What is the 'powerhouse' of the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the structure that contains chlorophyll, which gives the plant its green color, is only found in a plant cell, and it traps energy from sunlight?
The chloroplast
What are organelles?
Cells are made up of these smaller structures that each have a specific function.
Can plant cells change shape?
No, but animal cells can, because they don't have a cell wall.
How many chromosomes are in human body cells? What about during cytokinesis?
Human body cells have 46 chromosomes, and during cytokinesis, there are technically 23 chromosomes in each, with 46 chromatids in each cell.
What creates proteins for the cell?
Ribosomes
(raaibosoms)
What organelle is in an animal cell only?
The lysosome
What is cytoplasm?
The jellylike fluid that contains cell materials located in both a plant and animal cell.
Normally, in the process of osmosis, the net flow of water molecules into or out of the cell depends upon differences in the 1. concentration of water molecules inside and outside the cell 2. concentration of enzymes on either side of the cell membrane 3. rate of molecular motion on either side of the cell membrane 4. rate of movement of insoluble molecules inside the cell
1. Osmosis has to do with WATER molecules only.
What happens during cytokinesis?
The cell divides and forms two new identical daughter cells.
What are most cell membranes mostly composed of, and what is the layer called?
1. Proteins and lipids
2. Phospholipid bilayer.
What are some parts of a plant cell that are not in an animal cell?
The cell wall and chloroplasts
Name any three things that are made up of plant, or animal cells.
Plant: trees, grass, and flowers
Animals: humans, dogs, cats.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion (spreading/movement) of water across a membrane and is a passive process. Therefore, movement occurs due to a concentration gradient set up on either side of the membrane. If there is more water inside the cell than outside, water tends to move out.
What holds the two chromatids together?
The centromere
What is a lysosome?
A lysosome is a small, round organelle involved with digestion in an animal cell only.
What is the difference between the vacuoles in the plant and the animal cell?
In the animal cell, the vacuole is split all over the cell into small little round balls, and in the plant cell, it is one large blob.
What are the phases of PMAT?
P-Prophase
M-Metaphase
A-Anaphase
T- Telophase
What is active transport?
A process that requires work or energy. Diffusion, passive transport, and osmosis are examples of movement that do not require cellular energy.