General Regulation
What checkpoint ensures organelles are replicated?
G1 Checkpoint
Explain the difference between benign and malignant tumors
malignant is cancerous, benign is not
What is the cell specialization process called?
Differentiation
What role do stem cells have?
They don’t have a specific role yet. They can become any cell
What causes cancer?
Defects in genes that regulate cell growth and division
Contact Inhibition does what when cells come into contact with other cells?
Stops cell division
Give 3 ways someone can get cancer
Smoking or chewing tobacco, radiation exposure, viral infection
All cells form from one fertilized egg cell called a _____
zygote
Are adult stem cells pluripotent, totipotent, or multipotent?
Multipotent
Stem cells have healing properties because they are...
Pluripotent
What is the difference between internal regulators and external regulators?
Internal respond to events inside cell, external respond to events outside cell
What is the process that forms blood vessels to deliver resources to tumors called?
angiogenesis
Animal and some plant cells pass through developmental stage called ______
embryo
What 2 parts of the body can adult stem cells primarily be found?
Bone marrow and hair follicles
What cancer treatment interferes with cell division?
Chemotherapy
Cyclin helps regulate the cell cycle, what does it do to produce mitosis promoting factor(MPF)?
Binds with enzymes
What is the process called that spreads cancer cells throughout the body?
Metastasis
The name given to a hollow ball of cells with a cluster inside
blastocyst
What is the name of the type of cell that is converted into embryonic stem cells in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells?
Fibroblasts
Scientists have figured out a way to turn fibroblasts back to their embryonic state, process is also known as
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
What is the second step of apoptosis?
Parts of cell membrane begin to break off and neighboring cells clean up remains
What gene commonly mutates in cancer victims
p53
Where are adult stem cells commonly found?
Bone marrow and hair follicles
What is the name for the breakdown of the light-sensing layer of cells in your retina that is often treated with regenerative medicine?
Macular Degeneration
___ are produced in the first few cell divisions in the embryo, and due to their ___ quality, they are key research material for stem cell research
embryonic stem cells, pluripotent