Cell Structure & Types
The major difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells is...
Prokaryotic cells don't have a nucleus and Eukaryotic do!
The nucleus...
stores DNA and controls which proteins get made.
The purpose of the cell membrane is...
to provide a boundary between the interior of a cell and the outside environment.
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
Active transport requires ATP while passive relies on the movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
What is the ideal state for our cells to be in?
Isotonic
Cell structures/functions vary among tissues and organs of multicellular organisms due to
A ribosome's function is...
to create proteins by translating MRNA.
Describe the characteristics of the cell membrane:
-made of phospholipids
-hydrophilic phosphate head (polar)
-hydrophobic fatty acid tail (nonpolar)
-form a bilayer, head on the outside, tail on the inside
What is the reason concentration gradients are able to form?
The selectively permeable membrane, solutes can become more concentrated in different areas.
When water is entering a cell, that means the solution outside of the cell is...
hypotonic to the cell.
Explain the difference between "Autotrophic" and "Heterotrophic" cells.
"Autotrophic" cells create their own food through processes like photosynthesis and this is only found in plant cells. "Heterotrophic" cells must absorb their food through other processes like eating.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum has two parts: Describe them
Rough ER: Folds proteins
Smooth ER: Makes lipids, detoxifies chemicals
What is the name of the channel protein that allows water to flow in and out of cells?
Aquaporin
What direction does active transport move molecules?
Low to high concentration.
Define Osmosis:
The movement of water from high to low concentration.
All cells are made of these things, and Prokaryotic cells only have these things. Name all four parts.
Plasma membrane
Cytosol/Cytoplasm
Genetic material (chromosomes)
Ribosomes.
The purpose of the Golgi Apparatus is...
to sort proteins, package them in vesicles, and transport them to their destination.
Why can small nonpolar molecules pass through the plasma membrane easier than small polar molecules?
Nonpolar molecules can dissolve inside of the bilayer and defuse across easily while polar molecules can only pass through in small amounts.
The movement of molecules from high to low concentration through transport proteins is...
facilitated diffusion.
What is the ideal state of a plant cells?
Turgid
State one similarity and one difference of Mitochondria and Chloroplast.
Similarity: Both convert energy into forms that cells can use
Difference: Mitochondria go through cellular respiration to create ATP while Chloroplasts go through photosynthesis.
A lysosome's purpose is..
to break down old organelles and molecules.
What is the name describing the flexible structure with moving proteins and phospholipids that a cell membrane has?
Fluid Mosaic Model
Define Endocytosis and Exocytosis:
Endo: the use of energy to absorb large molecules into the cell
Exo: the use of energy to secrete large molecules out of the cell
The benefits of being a smaller cell are...
-high surface area-to-volume ratio
-able to release and absorb nutrients easier
-easier to meet the needs of the cell