Cell Structures
I control what enters and leaves the cell and help maintain homeostasis. What structure am I?
Cell membrane
Mitochondrion
Produces ATP through cellular respiration, providing usable energy for the cell.
What two basic components are found in all viruses?
Genetic material (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat called a capsid.
Which type of cell does not have a nucleus, prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic cell
Which biomolecule is the body’s primary source of quick energy?
Carbohydrates
I contain the cell’s DNA and act as the control center of a eukaryotic cell. What organelle am I?
Nucleus
Vacuole
Stores water, nutrients, and wastes. The large central vacuole also helps maintain pressure in plant cells.
Why are viruses generally not considered living organisms?
They are not made of cells and cannot independently reproduce or carry out metabolism. They require a host cell to reproduce.
What structure contains the DNA of a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
Which biomolecule includes enzymes and is made from amino acids?
Proteins
I am the site where proteins are assembled from amino acids. What structure am I?
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts, packages, and ships proteins and other materials.
During which viral replication cycle does a virus immediately take control of the host cell, produce new viruses, and cause the host cell to burst?
Lytic cycle
Name two structures found in plant cells that are not found in animal cells.
Cell wall, chloroplasts, or large central vacuole
Match each biomolecule with its building block: proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
Proteins → amino acids; carbohydrates → monosaccharides; nucleic acids → nucleotides.
I capture light energy and use it to produce glucose during photosynthesis. What organelle am I?
Chloroplast
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Helps produce, process, and transport proteins. It has ribosomes attached to its surface.
During which replication cycle is viral genetic material incorporated into the host’s DNA and copied when the host cell reproduces?
Lysogenic cycle
A scientist observes a cell with DNA, ribosomes, a cell membrane, and cytoplasm, but no nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Is the cell prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Explain.
Prokaryotic because it lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
What is the main function of an enzyme, and what happens to the enzyme after the reaction?
An enzyme lowers the activation energy and speeds up a chemical reaction. It is not consumed and can be reused.
I provide rigid support and protection outside the cell membrane in plant cells. What structure am I?
Cell wall
Lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes that break down wastes, damaged cell parts, and other materials.
Viruses can be transmitted in multiple ways. Name two.
Exchange of bodily fluid, touch, air droplets (coughing/sneezing)
An unknown cell contains a nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a large central vacuole. Classify it as prokaryotic or eukaryotic and as plant or animal. Give evidence for both classifications.
It is a eukaryotic plant cell. The nucleus and membrane bound organelles make it eukaryotic. Chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a large central vacuole identify it as a plant cell.
An enzyme normally works best at 37°C. It is exposed to an extremely high temperature and stops functioning. Explain what most likely happened
The enzyme denatured. Its three dimensional shape, including the active site, changed, so the substrate can no longer bind properly.