Eukaryote cell
This membrane-bound organelle stores the cell's genetic information on chromosomes made of DNA.
Nucleus
Single-celled organisms like bacteria belong to this group, characterized by having no true nucleus.
What are prokaryotes (or bacterial cells)?
Bacterial cells lack this membrane-bound structure that houses genetic material in animal and plant cells.
What is a nucleus?
Found in mammal blood, this specialized cell lacks a nucleus to maximize space for transporting oxygen throughout the body.
What is a red blood cell?
Chloroplasts contain this green pigment, which absorbs light energy to drive photosynthesis.
What is chlorophyll?
Located in the cytoplasm, these organelles perform aerobic respiration to release energy from glucose.
What are mitochondria?
Instead of chromosomes inside a nuclear membrane, a bacterium's primary genetic material consists of a loop of this molecule.
What is circular DNA (or a bacterial chromosome)?
Both plant and bacterial cells possess this rigid outer boundary layer, whereas animal cells never have one.
What is a cell wall?
Located near plant root tips, this specialized cell features a long finger-like projection to increase surface area for absorbing water and minerals.
What is a root hair cell?
Surrounding every animal and plant cell, this partially permeable layer made of protein and fat controls what enters and exits.
What is the cell membrane?
Visible under an electron microscope, these tiny structures use instructions on DNA molecules to link amino acids together into proteins.
What are ribosomes?
In addition to their main bacterial chromosome, bacteria often contain small, separate rings of DNA known as these.
What are plasmids?
Plant cells carry out photosynthesis using chloroplasts, an organelle completely absent from all animal cells.
What are chloroplasts?
Specialized to conduct electrical impulses, this cell is the basic structural unit of the animal nervous system.
What is a neurone (or nerve cell)?
The large permanent vacuole of a plant cell is filled with a solution of sugars and other dissolved substances called this.
What is cell sap?
Drawing Instructions: Sketch an oval organelle with a smooth outer membrane and an intensely folded inner membrane (cristae). Question: What is this power-generating eukaryotic organelle?
What is a mitochondrion?
Drawing Instructions: Sketch a rod-shaped bacterium. Include its outer wall, inner membrane, cytoplasm, scattered ribosomes, central circular DNA, and small plasmid loops. Question: What type of single-celled organism have you drawn?
What is a bacterial cell (or prokaryote)?
Drawing Instructions: Draw two overlapping circles to create a Venn diagram comparing plant and animal cells. Place "cellulose cell wall", "chloroplasts", and "large permanent vacuole" in the plant-only side. Question: What three core structures belong in the shared middle intersection?
What are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus (or mitochondria/ribosomes)?
Drawing Instructions: Draw a specialized cell lining the human sperm
What is a ciliated cell?
Drawing Instructions: Draw a plant cell as seen under an electron microscope. Question: What clear double line around the cell boundary represents the cell wall surrounding the cell membrane?
What are the cell walls of two adjacent cells (or outer cell wall and inner cell membrane)?
Composed of about 70% water with dissolved proteins, this clear jelly fills the cell interior and serves as the site for many metabolic reactions.
What is cytoplasm?
Unlike plant cell walls made of cellulose, the protective wall of a bacterial cell is made of this specific substance.
What is peptidoglycan?
Plant cells contain a single, large, permanent vacuole, while animal cells contain these much smaller, temporary fluid-filled spaces.
What are vesicles?
Found inside flowering plant leaves, these column-shaped cells form a upper tissue layer packed with chloroplasts for maximum photosynthesis.
What is a palisade mesophyll cell?
Plant cell walls are made of crisscrossing fibers of this polysaccharide, giving the cell strong structural support.
What is cellulose?