Organelles
In which organelle is DNA located in Eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What does Active Transport require?
Energy
What is the mitosis memory tool we learned in class?
P- Prophase- Prepare
M- Metaphase- Middle
A- Anaphase- Apart
T- Telophase- Two Nuclei
What are gametes?
Sperm and Egg Cells
What process do stem cells go through to be assigned their function?
Differentiation
Which organelle controls what enters and exits the cell?
Cell Membrane
What type of transport moves small molecules along the concentration gradient?
Diffusion
If a body cell for an organism has 6 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?
6
What are homologous chromosomes and during what phase do they pair up?
Chromosomes of the same type (same genes) from each parent. Pair up during Prophase 1.
What is the difference between a malignant and benign tumor?
Malignant will spread to other areas (not specific) while benign sticks only to the types of cells it started with.
Which organelle produces ATP?
Mitochondria
What is the term to describe the diffusion of water across the cell membrane from high to low concentration of water?
Osmosis
What process do worn out cells or cells that are no longer needed go through normally?
Apoptosis
What is crossing over and why is it important?
When homologous chromosomes exchange portions of themselves during prophase 1 to create new genetic combinations/variations.
Describe how water molecules would move if a cell was placed in an isotonic solution and why.
Water molecules would move into and out of the cell at the same rate/amount because an isotonic solution has an even amount of solute and solvent (already at equilibrium).
What 2 organelles do plants have that animals do not?
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
What would happen to a cell if it were placed in a hypertonic solution?
it would shrink/shrivel
Uncontrolled cell growth or replication causes what disease?
Cancer
What can go wrong during meiosis?
Gametes can come out with the wrong number of chromosomes if they failed to separate correctly in anaphase 1 or 2.
What is internal regulation of the cell cycle? What is external regulation of the cell cycle?
Internal regulators are inside the cell and only let the cell continue in the cycle when the current phase is done.
External regulators are outside the cell and control the rate of the cell cycle. Ex) stop/slow down growth or division if neighboring cells are getting too close.
What organelle is responsible for making proteins?
Ribosome
What complex molecule allows large or polar molecules to pass through the cell membrane going with the concentration gradient?
Protein Channel
What 3 sub-phases are part of Interphase and what happens in each?
G1 - Cell Growth
S - DNA Replication
G2 - Organelle Replication
If an organism's body cells usually have 10 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do those organism's haploid cells have? How many do their diploid cells have?
haploid - 5
diploid - 10
What is the end result of mitosis and what is the end result of meiosis? Be as specific as possible.
Mitosis: 2 diploid and identical daughter cells.
Meiosis: 4 genetically different haploid cells.