Vocabulary
This is a temporary state of existence in which there is a higher concentration of something on one side of a cell membrane
What is a concentration gradient?
These types of molecules are capable of simple diffusion
What are small/uncharged?
Cells in _______________ solutions will stay the same size
What is isotonic?
Nature always tends towards ________________
What is 'equilibrium?'
This is the only major biomolecule NOT found in the cell membrane
What are nucleic acids?
These types of membrane proteins act as a chemical nametag for the cell
What are cell surface markers?
This term refers to the creation of a vesicle to move a large substance into a cell
What is endocytosis?
Cell transport is necessary in order for living organism to maintain ___________________
What is homeostasis?
This term refers to the movement of water molecules from an area of higher [] to an area of lower [] that move through aquapores in the cell
What is osmosis?
These types of molecules go through facilitated diffusion
What are large/charged molecules?
All forms of passive transport move substances from ________________ to ________________
What is 'from areas of higher [ ] to areas of lower [ ]?'
Cells go through this process to reach equilibrium on either side of a cell membrane
What is diffusion/osmosis/facilitated diffusion/passive transport?
This type of membrane protein collects information about the environment outside of the cell and relays that info back to the nucleus
What are receptor proteins?
These are the three jobs of the cell membrane:
What is 1) protection, 2) regulation/filter, 3) structure/shape?
All cell membranes are made mostly out of this biomolecule
What are lipids (phospholipids)?
What are 1) nerve signaling, 2) kidney function, 3) muscular contractions?
Membrane pumps move substances from areas of ____ concentration to areas of _____ concentration
What is 'from areas of low concentration to areas of higher concentration?'
Nature always tends to move things from _____ concentration to ___________ concentration
What is 'higher concentration to lower concentration?'
What is 'a solution that has a lower concentration of solute on the outside of the cell compared to the inside of the cell?'
Briefly explain the difference between the two types of transport proteins
What is 'channel proteins act like open doorways and do not use energy to allow substance to move from high to low []; carrier proteins act like locked doors and require energy to physically change their shape and move molecules from low to high []?'
Give the full (3-part) definition of facilitated diffusion
What is 'the movement of large or charged molecules, through channel proteins, from an area of high [] to an area of lower []?'
These are the two major reasons why active transport occurs
What is 1) to move substances from low [] to high [] (against the gradient), or 2) to move very large substances in/out of cells?
Briefly explain why a cell in a hypertonic solution will shrink/shrivel?
What is 'because there is a higher concentration of solute outside of the cell (less room for water outside) and a lower concentration of solute inside the cell (more room for water) so water will leave the cell?'
Briefly explain the difference between the terms 'isotonic' and 'equilibrium'
What is 'isotonic refers specifically to a type of solution surrounding a living cell and always includes the concentrations of two molecules; equilibrium refers a broader concept/idea of a temporary state of existence in which there approximately equal amounts of one type of molecule on either side of a membrane?'
List the four types of membrane-embedded proteins
What are 1) cell surface markers, 2) transport proteins, 3) enzymes, 4) receptor proteins?