Passive Transport
The random movement of molecules to spread out from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
What is diffusion?
Unlike passive transport, this general classification of transport requires the cell to expend energy.
What is active transport?
The process of releasing bulky materials from the cell by fusing a vacuole or vesicle with the cell membrane.
What is exocytosis?
A term describing a membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through while blocking others.
What is selectively permeable? (Or semi-permeable).
ATP stands for?
What is Adenosine Triphosphate?
The specific term for the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
Active transport moves materials in this direction relative to their concentration.
What is from low to high concentration? (Or against the concentration gradient).
The enfolding of the cell membrane to bring bulky materials into the cell.
What is endocytosis?
The term for the substance that is being dissolved in a solution (such as the sugar or salt moving across a membrane).
What is a solute?
ADP stands for?
What is Adenosine Diphosphate?
The movement of solutes through a transport protein embedded directly into the membrane without using cell energy.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Active transport often relies on these membrane structures to forcefully move or "pump" molecules to where they are needed.
What are transport proteins? (Or protein pumps).
__________ requires massive changes to the cell membrane shape and a lot of energy, bulk transport belongs to this broader category.
What is active transport?
The term describing the difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance or a membrane.
What is a concentration gradient?
What is Cell Theory?
True or False: Passive transport requires the cell to use its own energy.
What is False? (The cell does not use energy).
This is the primary cellular energy molecule used to power active transport mechanisms.
What is ATP?
A specific type of endocytosis, often called "cell eating," where a cell engulfs solid food particles.
What is phagocytosis?
A type of solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than the inside of the cell, causing water to leave the cell.
What is a hypertonic solution?
This specialized cell part acts like a "water channel" or plumbing system, allowing water molecules to quickly pass in and out of a cell.
A) Sodium/Potassium pump
B) Aquaporin
C) Aquafore tunnel
What is B) Aquaporin?
Passive transport continues moving particles across the membrane until this state of balance is reached.
What is equilibrium?
This specific active transport mechanism is vital for nerve cells, pumping three sodium ions out and two potassium ions in.
What is the sodium-potassium pump?
A specific type of endocytosis, often called "cell drinking," where a cell takes in drops of fluid from its environment.
What is pinocytosis?
The ultimate biological goal of cellular transport: maintaining a stable, balanced internal environment.
What is homeostasis?
Using the word root "iso" which means equal, this term describes a balanced solution where water moves in and out of a cell at the exact same rate, keeping the cell the same size:
A) Hypertonic
B) Hypotonic
C) Isotonic
D) Osmosis
What is C (Isotonic)?