Organelles
true or false: ribosomes are found in the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes.
false
they are found in the ER and the cytoplasm
True or False: The colder the temperature, the slower dissolved salutes diffuse within a liquid.
True
Things move slower when cold, if you heat things up, diffusion will happen faster.
True or false: Prokaryotic organisms have no organized nucleus.
true
Enzymes are...
proteins that speed up chemical reactions
a 10% salt water solution would be considered a _______ solution.
Hypertonic... SUPER hypertonic.
The tiny in-folded membranes within the mitochondria are called...
Cristae
True or False: Most of our cells will have more potassium inside the cell walls than out.
True
The sodium potassium pump actively moves potassium into the cell (where the concentration is higher) and sodium outside the cell (where the concentration is also higher).
T/F: Red blood cells use phagocytosis to destroy unwanted materials in the blood.
False
white blood cells do this.
if red blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, what happens to them and why?
They will get bigger because water will move into the cell since there is less concentration of water inside the cell than outside.
Which organelle is NOT found in all eukaryotic cells?
Vacuoles
cilia are found where in the human body?
respiratory system (some), Digestive system (lots)
Glucose enters the cell though the process of...
facilitated diffusion
the Glut4 protein responds to insulin and is placed in the cell membrane where it serves as a channel for glucose to enter the cell DOWN its concentration gradient (from more (outside cell) to less (inside cell)).
draw a cell in a hypertonic solution. Show the direction water will move, explain what will happen if osmosis is allowed to occur. Finally, give an example of this type of solution in the human body?
Results will vary.
Water will move out of cell, cell will shrink cause it will lose water.
ex: x>.85% salt water, x>5% glucose/dextrose, x>ringers.
explain passive transport.
dissolved particles move down their concentration gradients through a carrier protein (from higher to lower concentrations) across a permeable membrane. This process does NOT require energy. Slower in cold temperatures, faster in hotter temperatures. ***also known as facilitated diffusion***
pinocytosis is the process where...
a cell "drinks" a liquid by endocytosis (budding a piece of cell membrane into a vesicle that contains the liquid).
What is a centrosome, what is it's job, and what is it composed of?
It is the center of a network of spindles that grow during mitosis, line up the chromosomes during metaphase, and separates the chromosomes during anaphase. Centrosomes are composed of 2 centrioles.
The process in which water moves into / out of a cell or across a permeable barrier.
osmosis
What is the "resting phase" of the mitotic cell cycle?
Interphase
Endocytosis is a type of...
active transport
osmotic pressure builds up in cells that have...
higher concentrations of dissolved particles than outside the cell. (hypotonic solutions)
Identify the structures in the figure. (skip B & J)
A: cell membrane
C: Cytoplasm
D: Vacuole (left), Vesicle (right)
E: Chromatin
F: chloroplast
G: Centrioles / centrosome
H: Mitochondria
I: ER
after equilibrium is reached in a solution, what happens to the diffusing particles?
When concentrations are equal on both sides, the molecules / ions still move back and forth... but the same amount moves in as they do out, so concentrations remain equal.
draw and explain all 5 stages of mitosis
Interphase: cell grows and everything doubles
Prophase: centrioles begin to move, spindles form, chromosomes form (from chromatin), nuclear membrane begins to fall apart.
Metaphase: chromosomes move to middle by spindles
Anaphase: spindles pull chromosomes apart and move them to opposite sides of cell. Organelles also distributed to both sides of cell.
Telephase: nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes, and Cytokinesis occurs making two new daughter cells.
cycle repeats after cell growth.
the centrosome splits into two centrioles during which phase of mitosis?
Prophase. during this phase, centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell to get ready for metaphase
hydrostatic pressure causes solids to be separated from liquids in a process called...
filtration
This is the process that forces fluids out of the blood and into the tissues... also the same process that your kidneys use to filter bad things from your blood.