Cells Basic Info
The smallest unit of life
What is the Cell?
The purpose of intercellular junctions
What is allowing adjacent cells adhere to communicate and aid/inhibit movement of molecules into cells?
Known as the "Transport Police", these are embedded in the plasma membrane
What are Transport Proteins?
The basic 6 Phases of the Cell Cycle
What are Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis?
The purpose of the Cell Cycle
What is to reproduce cells with identical DNA?
The 3 components of Cell Theory
What are:
1) The cell is the smallest unit of life
2) All organisms are made of one or more cells
3) Cells only arise from other cells?
The type(s) of junction(s) found in the heart
What are Gap junctions and Desmosomes?
The kind of transport where no energy is needed
What is Passive Transport?
The two parts of the Mitotic phase
What are Mitosis and Cytokinesis?
The ratio of sodium and potassium that the ATPase pump pumps in/out of the cell
What is 3 Na+ to 2 K+?
Bonus Q: Which one is pumped in and which is pumped out?
A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins
What is the Phospholipid Bilayer or the Plasma Membrane?
Junction(s) that form impermeable seals found in the digestive tract, mouth, etc
What is the Tight Junction?
The difference between the two types of facilitated diffusion in passive transport?
What is
Channel mediated - Protein opens and funnels molecules in
Carrier mediated - Protein binds to specific solute and "chaperones" molecules through
The cell cycle phase where chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell with spindles attached
What is Metaphase?
Saturated or Unsaturated: Phospholipid tails that have more fluid
What are Unsaturated Phospholipid tails?
The 4 primary biomolecules of a plasma membrane
What are Nucleic acids, Lipids, Proteins, and Carbohydrates?
The Junction that is resistant against mechanical stress found in the skin and heart
What is the Desmosome Junction?
The 4 types of channel proteins
What are Voltage-gated, Leakage, Ligand-gated (interior/exterior), and Mechanosensitive?
Interphase, known as the growth phase, is separated into three parts: G1 subphase, S subphase, G2 subphase. What is most important in each phase?
G1 - Growing rapidly, Preps for division phase
S - (Synthesis Phase) DNA REPLICATED
G2 - Enzymes and proteins synthesized as the final step ready to divide.
The electron potential energy produced by separation of opposite charged particles
What is Membrane Potential (-50 to -90 volts)?
The factors that regulate membrane fluidity
What are Temperature, Saturation, and Cholesterol?
The reason Gap Junctions are necessary between cells in the heart
What is to allow chemicals to pass through cells in order to excite the cardiac muscle to contract and pump blood?
As the cell grows, the plasma membrane expanding involves this process
What is Exocytosis ?
b/c the cell is adding material to the membrane "expelling it"
The most important action of cell division that happened in each mitosis phases
Prophase - Nuclear envelope breaks down
Metaphase - Chromosomes aligned in the middle and spindles attached
Anaphase - chromosomes split, pulled to either side of cell
Telophase - Nuclear envelopes form, nucleoli reappear
The types of Cell Signaling
Autocrine - Signal Self
Paracrine - Near by cells
Endocrine - Distant cells