Cell Theory
How many rules are there in Cell Theory?
Three
How many cells make up a Prokaryotic Organism?
One
How many cells make up a Eukaryotic Organism?
One to trillions.
What is the organelle that contains the DNA of the cell, directs cellular activity, and controls reproduction?
Nucleus
What is the Mitochondria?
It is the powerhouse of the cell; it transforms glucose (sugar) into ATP (chemical energy) that the cell relies on to function.
Why are cells called cells?
They resemble the cells (rooms) that monks lived in hundreds of years ago when viewed under a microscope.
What is an example of a prokaryotic organism?
Bacteria
Name an example of a Eukaryotic Organism.
Protists (they are unicellular but eukaryotic); plants, animals; fungi
Which organelle MAKES ribosomes and where is it located?
Nucleolus; inside the Nucleus
Which organelle controls what comes in and goes out of the cell through a characteristic known as "selective permeability" (hint: it surrounds most of the cell).
Cell Membrane
True or False: ALL living things are made of cells.
True
Prokaryotic cells can be recognized underneath a microscope because they DO NOT have which organelles? (There are multiple answers)
Nucleus; Nucleolus; Mitochondria
What would you look for underneath a microscope to determine if the cell you are looking at is Eukaryotic?
Nucleus; Nucleolus; Mitochondria; Chloroplasts; Golgi Body
What do Ribosomes do?
They make proteins.
Which organelle stores food and water for the cell; in which type of cell is this organelle MUCH larger?
Vacuole; Plant Cell
True or False: The organelle is the basic unit of structure and function for all living things.
False- The CELL is the basic unit of structure and function for all living things.
Since Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, do they have DNA? Explain.
Yes they do. DNA is one of the eight characteristics of living things that something must possess to be considered alive. The DNA in prokaryotes is found in the cytoplasm.
What organelles can be found IN plant cells but NOT animal cells?
Cell Wall and Chloroplast
Explain the similarities and differences between the Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Both transport materials throughout the cell and act as highways; rough contains ribosomes and smooth does not.
What is the name of the jelly-like fluid that fills the insides of the cell and holds the organelles in place?
Cytoplasm
How are new cells created?
They are made from the division of pre-existing cells (mitosis).
Which organelle do Prokaryotic Cells share with Plant Cells that Animal Cells do NOT have?
Cell Wall
What organelles can be found IN animal cells but NOT plant cells?
Centrioles and Lysosomes
Explain how the Golgi Body/Apparatus functions.
It packages proteins into vesicles (small, membrane-bound sacs) and then distrubutes them throughout the cell.
Explain the differences between the Lysosome and Chloroplast.
Lysosomes are found ONLY in animal cells and recycle waste; Chloroplasts are found ONLY in plant cells and absorb sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.