The cell
What is the basic unit of life?
Cells
Who came up with cell theory?
Theodor Schwann
What organelle converts energy for the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the outermost boundary of the animal cell?
Plasma membrane
What is the fluid inside the cell?
Cytoplasm
What two structures do plant cells have that animal cells don't?
Cell wall and Chloroplasts
What was the name of the scientist who discovered cells?
Robert Hooke
What do you call the tiny structures that carry out cellular functions?
Organells
What is the brain of the cell?
Nucleus
What are plant cells enclosed with?
Cell membrane and cell wall
What area inside the nucleus acts as the site for ribosome production?
Nucleolus
What are the floating trash can vesicles that are round and full of acid?
Lysosomes
What are the 2 structures inside Chloroplasts and what are their purposes?
stroma- colorless liquid composed of dissolved enzymes, starch, and chloroplast DNA
thylakoids- stacks that are the site of photosynthesis
In what year were cells discovered?
1665
What are the two types of cells called and how are they different?
Eukaryotes are more complex, larger, and found in animals, plants, fungi, etc.
Prokaryotes are more simple, lack membrane-bound structures, found in bacteria and archaea
What are the 3 functions of the vacuole in animal and plant cells?
What is the plasma membrane composed of?
Phospholipids
What is the network structure inside the cell that acts as scaffolding?
Cytoskeleton
The transport organelle that moves materials within and out of the cell.
What are the three types of protein fibers in the cytoskeleton?
1. microtubules
2. intermediate filaments
3. microfilaments
What material was examined under a microscope and resulted in the discovery of cells?
Cork
What are the 3 parts of cell theory?
1. cells are the basic units of life
2. all living things are made of cells
3. cells come from preexisting cells
What are the two types of organelles that produce cellular movement and how do they work?
Cilia- hair like structures that move fluid past the cell
flagella- tail like structure that whips back and forth
What are the long thin fibers consisting of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus?
Chromatin
What does endosymbiotic theory state?
It explains how eukaryotic cells may have evolved. Organelles such as the mitochondria are thought to have once been free-living prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by a host cell.
What are the 3 parts of the endomembrane system and their functions?
rough ER- modifies proteins, covered in ribosomes
smooth ER- synthesizes lipids and detoxifies molecules, lacks ribosomes
golgi apparatus- processes and packages proteins, lipids, and other molecules for transport
What are the three types of cell connections and how do they work?
1. tight junctions- water tight seal
2. desmosomes- velcro
3. gap junctions- secret passageways