Concept 1
Which of the following is found in a eukaryotic cell, but is NOT found in a prokaryotic cell?
A. Cytoplasm B. Cell membrane
C. Nucleus D. Flagella
C. Nucleus
Which of the following best describes an isotonic solution?
A. There is more solute outside the cell than inside the cell.
B. There is less solute outside the cell than inside the cell.
C. The concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane.
D. None of the above.
C. The concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane.
Which level of organization is represented by a group of different tissues working together to perform a complex function?
A. Cell B. Tissue C. Organ D. Organism
C. Organ
•Homeostasis =
-Need of an organism to stay stable by regulating internal conditions
List the two main purposes for cell division.
•Growth and repair.
Which plant cell organelle uses light energy to produce sugar?
A. Chloroplast B. Mitochondria C. Nucleus D. Ribosome
A. Chloroplast
If an animal cell were placed in a solution of salt water taken from the ocean, what would happen to the cell?
A. The cell would swell because the water solution is hypotonic.
B. The cell would swell because the water solution is hypertonic.
C. The cell would shrivel because the water solution is hypotonic.
D. The cell would shrivel because the water solution is hypertonic.
D. The cell would shrivel because the water solution is hypertonic.
Which of the following is an example of internal regulation during the cell cycle?
A. A gap outside of the cell (caused by a skateboarding accident) triggers cell division.
B. A cell receives a signal from the cell’s own nucleus to divide.
C. Tumor cells continue to divide without receiving a signal.
D. Hormones in the blood cause cell growth in a growing teenager
B. A cell receives a signal from the cell’s own nucleus to divide.
•Multicellular =
-Composed of many cells that may organize into tissues à organs à organ systems
3.List the structures that distinguish plant cells from animal cells.
•Plant cells have cell walls, central vacuoles, and chloroplasts.
Animal cells have centrioles, lysosomes, cilia, and flagella
Produce energy in the form of ATP.
D. Mitochondria
This process occurs when the cell uses energy to bring something in from outside the cell.
A. Endocytosis B. Exocytosis C. Osmosis D. Diffusion
A. Endocytosis
If a cell does not go through the S phase of the cell cycle before mitosis, what might be wrong with the daughter cells?
The daughter cells would have the wrong # of chromosomes (specifically half of the amount that they should have)
•Sister chromatids =
-Two identical chromatids (halves of a duplicated chromosome)
3.Differentiate between positive and negative feedback loops. Include two examples of each.
•Positive feedback loop – the output of a system intensifies the response, leading to amplification
Negative feedback loop – the output of a system causes a counter response to return to a set point, leading to stabilization
If a cell were lacking lysosomes, what would the cell not be able to do?
It would not be able to break down harmful substances.
Next to each statement below, write “A” if it refers to active transport or “P” if it refers to passive transport. (4 pts)
a.) Requires energy
b.) Moves particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
c.) Used to transport water
d.) Moves particles against the concentration gradient from areas of lower concentration to higher concentration.
A
P
P
A
Organize the parts of this body system in the CORRECT order (starting with the organism level) according to the levels of organization in a multi-cellular organism.
A. human being à central nervous system à brain à nerve tissue à neurons (brain cell)
B. human being à neurons (brain cell) à brain à central nervous system à nerve tissue
C. human being à central nervous system à neurons (brain cell) à nerve tissue à brain
D. human being à brain à central nervous system à nerve tissue à neurons (brain cell
A. human being à central nervous system à brain à nerve tissue à neurons (brain cell)
•Differentiation =
-A process that creates special structures and functions
1.Explain the difference between specialized cells and stem cells.
Stem cells are undifferentiated and can become any type of cell, whereas specialized already have specific structures and thus functions
Stem cells are undifferentiated and can become any type of cell, whereas specialized already have specific structures and thus functions
For each line please tell me is it is prokaryote, eukaryote, or both:
Contains cytoplasm
Do NOT have membrane-bound organelles
Cells do NOT have a nucleus
Can be unicellular or multicellular
Have ribosomes
Have cell membranes
Have genetic material (DNA/RNA)
Plants and animals
P & E
P
P
E
P & E
P & E
P & E
E
Describe an example of a feedback mechanism. Include if your example is a positive or negative feedback loop, and how feedback mechanisms, in general, maintain homeostasis
Childbirth is an example of positive feedback. As contractions begin it triggers more hormones to be released which cause more contractions. The output amplifies the input of the loop. Feedback mechanisms help maintain homeostasis by responding to stimuli AND maintaining a dynamic equilibrium in the cells
36. Beginning with prophase, list the parts of mitosis in order and give a brief description of what happens in each phase.
1. Prophase: could say spindle fibers form, nuclear membrane dissolves, or chromosomes condense
2.Metaphase: chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
3.Anaphase: spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart
4.Telophase: could say spindle fibers dissolve, nuclear membrane reforms, or chromosomes decondense into chromatin
Cytokinesis: division of the cytoplasm into 2 identical daughter cells
•Cell cycle =
A repeated pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells
Explain the role of the cell membrane in maintaining homeostasis on a cellular level.
•Cells maintain homeostasis with highly regulated transport mechanisms. The selective permeability of the cell membrane allows the cell to control what moves in and out as it brings needed resources in, expels waste, and transports signals in and out of the cell to maintain constant and stable internal conditions.