Cell Cycle
What is the first phase of the cell cycle?
Interphase.
What is the first phase of mitosis and what happens here?
Prophase.
Chromosomes condense, centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell, nucleolus disappears, and microtubules form near the centrioles.
What are the base pairs associated with DNA?
Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine
What are the base pairs associated with RNA?
Adenine - Uracil
Cytosine - Guanine
What does genetic information do?
Instructs cells to synthesize particular proteins.
What is the first phase in interphase and what happens to the cell here?
G1 phase, the cell grows.
What happens in late prophase?
The microtubules attach to the kinetochore of each chromosome and the nuclear envelope dissolves.
What is cytokinesis?
Division of the cell after telophase, cell divides organelles and becomes two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
What is the second phase of interphase and what happens to the cell here?
S (synthesis) phase, the cell replicates its DNA and chromosomes.
What is the second phase of mitosis and what happens here?
Metaphase.
Chromosomes line up midway between centrioles.
What happens to a cell if irreparable damage is found in the DNA during G2 checkpoint?
Apoptosis.
What is the third phase of interphase? What happens here and at the checkpoint?
G2 phase, the cell continues growing and duplicates organelles. At the checkpoint, the cell ensures that the DNA is completely replicated and that the replicated DNA is undamaged.
What is the third phase of mitosis and what happens here?
Anaphase.
Spindle fibers attached to each kinetochore will shorten and pull the homologous chromosomes apart and to opposite sides of the cell.
What happens after the cell has passed through the G2 checkpoint?
The cell enters the mitotic phase and undergoes mitosis.
What is the fourth phase of mitosis and what happens here?
Telophase.
Chromosomes uncondense and return to chromatid state, nuclear envelope reappears, microtubules disassemble, and cleavage furrow forms.