Cell Organelles
The powerhouse of the cell
What is the Mitochondria?
In Achondrogenesis type 1A, cartilage cells fail to modify, package, and export structural proteins, leading to severe bone development issues. Which organelle is failing to package these essential proteins?
Golgi Body
During which phase of mitosis do cells separate their cytoplasm?
telophase/ cytokinesis
T or F In simple diffusion, molecules naturally move from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.
False
Cell membranes only let some molecules in and out. This is called being....
Selectively Permeable
Makes specialized proteins, covered in ribosomes
What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Individuals with MELAS and Stroke-like episodes experience severe fatigue and muscle weakness because their cells cannot produce sufficient ATP. Which organelle is malfunctioning?
Mitochondria
During which phase of mitosis do duplicated sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?
Anaphase
What is the name of a solution where the concentration of water is lower outside of the cell than it is on the inside?
Hypertonic
Cells are limited in size because if they get too large...
They cannot transport nutrient efficiently
Makes ribosomes
What is the Nucleolus?
In patients with Tay-Sachs or I-cell disease, metabolic waste products and worn-out cellular parts build up inside cells instead of being broken down. Which organelle has stopped functioning properly?
Lysosome
What phase of a cells life does it replicate it's DNA?
Interphase
Red blood cells placed in a solution suddenly swell and burst. What type of solution were they placed in, and in which direction did water move across the cell membrane?
Hypotonic solution; water moved into the cells.
T or F/ Facilitated diffusion requires transport proteins embedded in the membrane to help molecules pass through as passageways.
True
Packages molecules into vesicles for transport
What is the Golgi Body?
In cystic fibrosis, a mutant CFTR channel gets misfolded during production and cannot be transported properly, leading to thick mucus buildup in the lungs and digestive tract. In which organelle did this protein folding error occur?
Rough ER
During which phase of mitosis do spindles move chromosomes to the center of the cells?
Metaphase
Glucose molecules are large and polar, meaning they cannot cross the hydrophobic lipid bilayer on their own. What structure would allow these molecules in or out of the cell?
protein channels
creates spindles for cell division
What is the Centriole?
Mackenzie presents with chronic respiratory infections, ear infections, and situs inversus. Microscopic analysis reveals a defect in her cilia. WHY do defective cilia cause situs inversus?
Normal embryonic ciliary movement directs fluid flow that establishes left-right body asymmetry.
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes condense?
Prophase
If a potato with 0.5M is placed in a beaker that is 1.5M of sucrose solution...what will happen?
the cell will lose water because it is in a hypertonic solution
From DNA to excretion, what is the path of a protein through cell organelles?
Nucleus, Rough ER, Golgi, Vesicle, Cell Membrane