What organelles would you find in a plant cell but not an animal cell?
chloroplast, cell wall and a central vacuole
100
What are the three shapes of bacteria?
cocci (round) Bacilli (rod) spirilli (spiral)
100
What type of cell does a bacteriaphage attach to and use as a host?
Bacteria
100
What is probiotic therapy?
Using good bacteria to keep the bad bacteria in balance.
100
What is a plasmid?
A small circular piece of DNA that usually contains antibiotic resistant genes.
200
Define diffusion (passive transport)
Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. No energy required.
200
What is a gram stain?
Stain which will either stain the outer coat of the bacteria or not depending on the cell wall properties. Gram + is purple. Gram - is pink.
200
Why are viruses considered NON-living?
Not made of cells and can not reproduce on their own.
200
Define extremophile
Bacteria that live in extreme environments (temperature, salinity) and are typically part of the domain archaea
200
What type of virus is HIV?
a retrovirus- RNA
300
Protein channels and pumps located in the cell membrane to allow for...
movement of molecules across the cell membrane
300
What domains in the tree of life do we find bacteria?
Domains: Bacteria, Archaea and Eurkarya
300
What is the role of reverse transcriptase?
Converts RNA into DNA.
300
What type of cell does the HIV virus infect?
White blood cell
300
Explain how bacteria replicate.
Binary fission
400
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum.
passageway
400
Who is Dr. John Snow and what did he do?
Got a pump in London shut down and saw a decrease in the number of individuals with cholera
400
What is the basic strucuture of a virus?
Capsid, genetic materia and a some have a plasma membrane.
400
Define chemoorganotroph,chemolithotroph and photoautotroph
Feeds on organic material, feeds on inorganic material and uses solar energy and converts it to organic molecule (ex. cyanobacteria)
400
How do bacteria increase their genetic variation?
conjugation, transduction and transformation
500
Explain what the difference is between the chloroplast and the mitochondria.
Chloroplast produces glucose (food)
Mitochondria uses glucose to make ATP (energy)
500
What is the basic structure of a prokarotic cell?
No nucleus or other membrane bound organelles. Contains a cell membrane, cell wall, chromosome and plasmid,ribosomes and cytoplasm. Sometimes a flagella
500
Why do flu viruses change so quickly?
RNA replication enzymes does not have error checking capabilities so the RNA mutates and evolves quickly.
500
Describe the lytic cycle and why it is important for viruses.
attach-replicate -assemble-burst and release
500
Explain how the bird flu is transmitted to humans.