Organelles
A cell has plenty of ribosomes but cannot export proteins outside the cell. What is malfunctioning?
Golgi Apparatus, they are responsible for exporting and shipping proteins.
A cell contains DNA, ribosomes, and cytoplasm but no nucleus. Identify the cell type.
Prokaryotic
A cell is placed in a solution and gains mass. What type of solution is this?
Hypotonic
Body temperature rises → sweating begins. What type of feedback and why?
Negative feedback
A cell increases activity and requires more ATP. What adaptation might occur?
More mitochondria
A toxin blocks ATP production. Which organelle is directly affected?
Mitochondria, the produce energy by making ATP.
Why can bacteria reproduce faster than human cells?
Simpler structure + binary fission
A red blood cell shrinks. Describe the environment.
Hypertonic
A process continues to intensify until a specific event occurs. Identify the feedback type.
Positive feedback
A plant cell becomes rigid after being placed in water. Explain.
Hypotonic → water enters → turgor pressure
A cell builds proteins but they are shaped incorrectly. Which organelle is most likely involved?
Rough ER, its role is to modify proteins.
A drug targets membrane-bound organelles. Which cells are affected?
Eukaryotic cells
Explain why diffusion does not require energy.
Moves down concentration gradient
Why would uncontrolled positive feedback be dangerous in body temperature regulation?
Would keep increasing temperature
A cell in a salty environment loses water and stops functioning. What happened?
Hypertonic → dehydration
A cell cannot regulate internal balance and begins to swell uncontrollably. Which structure is failing first?
Cell membrane, makes sure to provide balance from what enters and exists the cell with selective permeable behavior.
A scientist observes a large, complex cell with multiple chromosomes. What type is it and why?
Eukaryotic
A student claims water moves toward areas of high water concentration. Correct the statement.
Water moves toward higher solute concentration
Blood glucose rises, insulin lowers it. What system is being maintained?
Homeostasis
A failure in temperature regulation leads to overheating. Which system failed?
Homeostasis (negative feedback failure)
A cell loses its nucleus but still has functioning mitochondria. What happens over time?
The cell will eventually die, the mitochondria makes short-term energy but without the nucleus there are no instructions for how much protein should be produced.
Explain why antibiotics can target bacteria without harming human cells.
Structural differences (prokaryotic vs eukaryotic)
A cell is placed in a solution where solute concentration is equal inside and outside, yet molecules still move. Explain.
Isotonic—dynamic equilibrium
Explain why negative feedback is essential for survival.
Maintains stable internal conditions
A cell cannot produce proteins, loses energy, and cannot maintain balance. Identify THREE structures involved.