History of the Cell
The scientist who looked at a cork under a microscope.
Robert Hooke
What type of microscope uses stains to clearly see defined characteristics of a cell?
The Light Microscope
The plasma membrane is called the ___________ model because it is continuously moving, and it is ___________________ to certain materials coming in and out of the cell.
Fluid Mosaic Model and selectively permeable.
What is Diffusion?
The movement of particles from a HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration.
The law of conservation of energy says that ....
Energy canNOT be created or destroyed
What organell does a plant have that an animal does not? (there are at minimum 4)
Cell Wall, Vacuole, Chloroplast, and Plasmodesmata.
Define a Prokaryotic cell.
A cell that has NO membrane bound organells.
What organell controls photosynthesis production?
What is the difference between Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration?
Aerobic Respiration means oxygen is present. Anaerobic Respiration means oxygen is NOT present.
First microscope to be built was by ___________________.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Difference between Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
TEM is transmitting THROUGH the cell. SEM is scanning the surface of the cell.
What are the parts to the cytoskeleton?
Microtubules, Intermediate Filaments, and Microfilaments.
What is the difference between active and passive diffusion?
Active Diffusion requires energy.
Passive Diffusion does NOT require energy.
Spinach is uses what type of energy?
HINT: Autotroph or Heterotroph
Autotroph, creates its own energy.
Plants do what type of cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.
A cell that HAS membrane bound organells.
How many phases/photosystems are in photosynthesis and where do they occur in the cell?
2: Phase 1 Thylakoids and Phase 2 Stroma
What parts of cellular respiration are/is anaerobic?
Glycolysis.
1. All living organisms are composed of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure. 3. Cells arise from other cells.
What types of cells can TEM and SEM microscopes view?
Non-living Cells
What is the difference between the Rough ER and Smooth ER?
Rough has ribosomes and produces proteins. Smooth does NOT have ribosomes and produces lipids.
What are 3 important factors in diffusion?
Concentration, temperature, and pressure.
Metabolism is the combined chemical reaction of anabolism and catabolism that used or releases _______________.
Energy
Animal cells have what type of organelles that helps them MOVE around (or move food around) an organism.
Cilia or Flagella.
What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?
Bacteria and viruses.
What is the difference between Phase/Photosystem 1 and Phase/Photosystem 2 of photosynthesis?
Phase 1 is the LIGHT-DEPENDENT reaction. Phase 2 is the LIGHT-INDEPENDENT reaction.
What is the correct sequencing of Cellular Respiration?
Glycolysis, TCA, and ETC.
The study of cells is called __________.
Cytology.
Compound Microscopes.
The mitochondria.
Facilitated diffusion is a type of ____________ diffusion and requires a _____________ to move through the ___________________.
Passive diffusion, helper (channel, pore, or carrier protein), selectively permeable membrane or phosophlipid bilayer.
Photosynthesis is the process of converting ___________ to _________ and Cellular Respiration is the process of converting ___________ to __________.
Sunlight to Glucose, and Glucose to ATP (Energy).
What organell conducts cellular respiration in a plant cell?
The mitochondria.
What is an example(s) of Eukaryotic cells?
Animal and plant cells.
What is the proper sequencing of Photosynthesis?
Photosystem 2, ETC, Photosystem 1, ETC, Calvin Cycle
What organelles are used in the cellular respiration process?
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, TCA occurs in the Matrix of the mitochondria, and ETC occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria or mitochondrial membrane.
Why is a cell called a "cell"
Robert Hooke thought the microscope image looked like monk cells
Because penicillin prevents peptidoglycan from adhering to the surface of cells, it is more effective on _______________ cells.
Gram Negative
What is the difference between Cilia and Flagella?
Cilia is more hair like and Flagella is more tail like.
What are the 3 types of solutions within an animal cell? Describe each.
Hypertonic: high concentration on the outside, water moves OUT of the cell and cells sickle.
Hypotonic: low concentration on the outside, water moves INTO the cells and cells swell and lyse.
Isotonic solutions: equal concentration on the outside of the cell as in the inside of the cell. Cell is at homeostasis.
The molecule that produces energy for the cell is called ______________.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
Do plant and animal cells fall into the same category of cells? Which one(s)?
Yes, Eukaryotic Cells.
Which type of cells have genetic information? Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
BOTH.
Prokaryotic genetic information is NOT stored in membrane bound organelles.
Eukaryotic genetic information IS stored in membrane bound organelles.
What is Chemiosmosis?
Process in which ATP is made from photosynthesis.
What is fermentation and what types of fermentation are there?
Fermentation is the production of energy when in anaerobic conditions and there are 2 types: alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation.