*support (grow tall)
*protection
*allows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass into and out of cell
Only in plant cells
What is cell wall
100
carries materials through cell
network of tubes or membranes
What is Endoplasmic reticulum
100
First stage of life cycle
Chromatin threads contract into short, thickened
Chromosome units: nuclear membrane and nucleus begin to disappear, spindle fibers begin to form
What is prophase
100
Name 2 common uses of living organisms to improve the quality and types of food for humans and animals
What is
Yeast to make bread rise
Bacteria to ferment sauerkraut
Bacteria to produce cheese and other dairy products
Microorganisms to make alcoholic beverages
Bacteria in silage production
100
RNA stands for
What is ribonucleic acid
200
support
*protection
*controls movement of materials in/out of cell
*barrier between cell and its environment
*maintains homeostasis
What is cell membrane
200
small bodies free or attached to E.R.
produces proteins
What is ribosomes
200
Second stage of life cycle
Spindle fibers more evident and chromosomes move to center of the fibers
What is metaphase
200
Name one way we improved our animals by selection
What is
Purchasing, selling, bartering and trading got people animals with desirable traits
Mating plants and animals with desirable traits resulted in selective breeding
200
DNA stands for
What is deoxyribonucleic acid
300
controls cell activities
What is nucleus
300
breaks down sugar molecules into energy
bean-shaped with inner membranes
What is Mitochondria
300
Movement stage of life cycle
Chromotids of chromosomes separate and go to opposite ends of cell along spindle fibers
What is anaphase
300
Austrian Monk who is credited with discovering the effect of genetics on plant characteristics
What is Gregor Mendel
300
_________________________ are contributed by each parent and determine how the animal will be structured.
What is chromosomes
400
Controls movement of materials in/out of nucleus
What is nuclear membrane
400
store food, water, waste (plants need to store large amounts of food)
What is vacuole
400
Chromotids become longer and thinner and form spherical mass of chromatin threads while nuclear membrane forms around mass to form two daughter cells
What is telophase
400
Define biotechnology
What is Improvement by manipulating the genetic content of cells
400
define genetic engineering
What is alteration of the genetic makeup of an organism to produce a desired effect.
500
clear, thick, jellylike material and organelles found inside cell membrane
What is cytoplasm
500
*breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules
*digests old cell parts
What is lysosome
500
Prepares proteins for use
or export
What is golgi bodies
500
Over __________________kinds of plants
Over _________________ kinds of animals
What is 300,000 and 1 million
500
name a bacteria we use in our bodies that was first taken from pigs but is now genetically engineered.