The Digestive System
his type of digestion involves physically breaking down food, such as chewing with your teeth.
What is mechanical digestion?
This dome-shaped muscle contracts and moves downward during inhalation to expand the chest cavity.
What is the diaphragm?
Unicellular organisms rely on this simple process to obtain nutrients and remove waste across their membranes.
What is diffusion?
This term describes the cell membrane's ability to allow certain substances to pass through while blocking others.
What is selective permeability (or semipermeable)?
In a hypotonic solution, water flows into a cell, which may cause the cell to do this.
What is swell or burst?
The villi and microvilli in the small intestine serve this purpose.
What is increase surface area?
The enzyme salivary amylase, found in this fluid, begins the chemical breakdown of starch into sugars
What is saliva?
After passing through the trachea, air travels into these two tubes that direct air into the lungs.
What are the bronchi?
These cells, produced in the bone marrow, are specialized for transporting oxygen throughout the human body.
What are red blood cells (RBCs)?
Diffusion moves particles from an area of ____ concentration to an area of ____ concentration.
What is high; low?
The primary function of red blood cells in the human body?
What is transporting oxygen?
The epiglottis directs the appropriate material down these two tubes.
What are the esophagus and the trachea?
This muscular, wave-like motion in the esophagus moves food toward the stomach.
What is peristalsis?
These tiny, air-filled sacs in the lungs are where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed.
What are the alveoli?
This type of tissue in humans provides structural support and includes bones, blood, cartilage, and tendons.
What is connective tissue?
Osmosis is the movement of this substance through a semipermeable membrane to balance concentration levels.
What is water?
This type of tissue in humans covers and protects surfaces, such as the skin and organ linings?
What is epithelial tissue?
These tiny, finger-like projections in the small intestine, covered with microvilli, increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
What are villi?
In cellular respiration, glucose combines with oxygen to produce these three outputs: energy (ATP), water, and this gas.
What is carbon dioxide?
In plants, this tissue transports water throughout the organism, aiding in growth and hydration.
What is xylem?
In a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell, causing the cell to do this.
What is shrink (or shrivel)?
n plants, phloem tissue is responsible for transporting this substance.
What is food (or sugars)?
Produced by the liver, this substance emulsifies lipids, making them easier to digest in the small intestine.
What is bile?
Surrounding the alveoli, these single-cell-thick blood vessels enable the rapid exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
What are capillaries?
Multicellular organisms can grow large and complex due to these cells that are uniquely structured to perform specific tasks.
What are specialized cells?
When salt is poured on a slug, osmosis causes water to move in this direction, leading to the slug's dehydration.
What is out of the slug?
In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in these microscopic, air-filled sacs surrounded by capillaries.
What are alveoli?