Cell Anatomy
The nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma (or cell) membrane
What are the three main regions of a (generalized) cell?
What is a cell?
The fluid found within the cell (the nucleoplasm and the cytosol)
What is intracellular fluid?
Solute pumps and vesicular (or bulk) transport
What are the two most important mechanisms of active transport?
Interphase and cell division
What are the two major periods of the cell life cycle?
The word that best describes the overall role of epithelial tissue?
What is covering?
What is support?
The word that best describes the overall role of muscle tissue
What is movement?
DNA is contained here
What is the nucleus?
Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
What are tissues?
The fluid that bathes the exterior of the cells
What is interstitial fluid?
What is the sodium-potassium pump?
What is DNA duplication?
Protection, absorption, filtration, and secretion
What are the major functions of epithelial tissue?
Protecting, supporting, and binding together
What are the primary functions of connective tissue?
The word that best describes the overall role of nervous tissue
What is control?
The nucleolus, chromatin, and nuclear envelope
What are the three regions of the nucleus?
This refers to how the shape of human cells and the relative abundance of their various organelles relate to their function in the body
What is cell diversity?
What are passive and active transport?
Exocytosis and endocytosis
What are two types of vesicular transport?
The two events of cell division
What are mitosis and cytokinesis?
This means that the epithelial tissues have no blood supply of their own
What is avascular?
What is the extracellular matrix?
The three types of muscle tissue
What are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth?
Fragile, transparent, double-layer lipid barrier of the cell; selectively permeable; functions in membrane transport and cell-to-cell interactions; separates cell contains from the surrounding environment
What are characteristics of the plasma membrane?
This means that a barrier allows some substances to pass through it while excluding others
What is selective permeability?
What is passive transport?
Phagocytosis (cell-eating) and pinocytosis (cell-drinking)
The stage of mitosis where the mitotic spindle is formed
What is prophase?
What is an apical surface?
A type of connective tissue that has a very hard matrix, sometimes called osseous tissue, and has an exceptional ability to protect and support
What is bone?
In reference to movement, this means that some muscle tissue can be controlled and some tissue cannot be controlled
What is voluntary and involuntary?
Microvilli and membrane junctions
What are two specializations of the plasma membrane?
A homogeneous mixture of two or more components
What is a solution?
Requires that the cell provides the energy (ATP) to drive this transport process
What is active transport?
What is a gene?
The stage of mitosis where the chromosomes cluster and become aligned at the center of the spindle
What is metaphase?
The two classifications of cell arrangement in epithelial tissue
What are simple and stratified?
A type of connective tissue that is less hard and more flexible than bone and can be categorized as hyaline (ie, fetal skeleton) or elastic (ie, eternal ear)
What is cartilage?
The two major functional characteristics of nervous tissue
The organelles, inclusions, and cytosol
What are the three major elements of the cytoplasm?
The substance in the largest amount in a solution; also referred to as the dissolving medium
What is the solvent?
Diffusion and filtration
What are the two types of passive membrane transport?
Transfer, messenger, and ribosomal
What are the three varieties of RNA that play a role in protein synthesis?
The stage of mitosis where the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell
What is anaphase?
These three words describe the shape of the cells found in epithelial tissue
What are squamous, cuboidal, and columnar?
Two classifications of connective tissue relative to the number of fibers contained in its matrix
What are loose and dense?
The cells that receive and conduct electrochemical impulses from one part of the body to another
What are neurons?
Membrane transport, protein synthesis, and cell division (or reproduction)
What are the three main functions of a cell?
Components or substances present in smaller amounts in a solution
Simple, osmosis, and facilitated
What are the three different types of diffusion?
What are transcription and translation?
The stage of mitosis where the chromosomes uncoil and become chromatin again
What is telophase?
The two major types of glands that develop from epithelial sheets
Also known as vascular tissue, consider a connective tissue because it consists of blood cells surrounded by a fluid matrix called plasma
What is blood?
The two major ways that tissue repair or wound healing occurs
What are regeneration and fibrosis?