Cell Basics
This is the basic structural and functional unit of all living matter?
What is a cell?
This structure surrounds the cell and separates the inside of the cell from its external environment.
What is the membrane?
The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called this.
What is diffusion?
This type of cell division produces two genetically identical daughter cells.
What is Mitosis?
These organelles are known as the "power plants" of the cell because they produce most of the body's ATP.
What are mitochondria?
This part of the cell contains the cytosol and organelles but is located outside the nucleus.
What is the cytoplasm?
Because the cell membrane allows some substances to pass while restricting others, it is described by this term beginning with "S".
What is selectively permeable (or semipermeable)?
This is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
During this stage of mitosis, chromosomes become visible and the nuclear membrane eventually disappears.
What is prophase?
These organelles are involved in protein synthesis and may be either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
What are ribosomes?
This is the control center of the cell and stores the cell's genetic information.
What is the nucleus?
This "C" word describes short, hairlike projections move substances across the surface of a cell using a wavelike motion.
What are cilia?
This type of diffusion uses a helper molecule in the cell membrane but does not require ATP.
What is facilitated diffusion?
During this stage, the chromatids line up in a narrow central zone of the cell.
What is metaphase?
This organelle receives proteins from the rough ER and puts the finishing touches on them before packaging them for export.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
The nucleus contains this material, which consists of DNA and associated proteins.
What is chromatin?
These structures are longer, thicker, and fewer in number than cilia and help move the entire cell.
What are flagella?
A substance must move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. Because it is moving "uphill," the cell must use this type of transport.
What is active transport?
During this stage, the centromeres split and the chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell.
What is anaphase?
These membranous sacs contain powerful enzymes that break down cellular waste, damaged organelles, and other debris.
What are lysosomes?
A cell contains a nucleus and cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm are numerous structures, each performing a specialized job. These structures are collectively called this.
What are organelles?
This term starting with "M" describe cells lining parts of the digestive tract have millions of accordion-like folds in their cell membrane that increase surface area and therefore increase absorption.
What are microvilli?
________ is a transport mechanism that occurs when diffusion takes place because the particle is too large and often involves the intake of food or liquid by the cell membrane.
What is endocytosis?
This "A" word is also known as "cell suicide" because it is a programmed sequence of events that causes cell death.
What is apoptosis?
This "C" word is composed of threadlike structures called microfilaments and microtubules.
What is a cytoskeleton?