Cell Organelles (1)
This organelle is known as the "control center" of the cell because it houses the cell's genetic material (DNA)
Nucleus
Known as the "powerhouse" of the cell, this organelle breaks down sugar to create energy in the form of ATP
Mitochondria (or Mitochondrion)
Write down the primary function of a Ribosome
To produce or synthesize proteins
This organelle acts as the "Recycle Center" or "Garbage Disposal" because it digests and recycles cellular waste and foreign invaders
Lysosome
This is the thin, semipermeable barrier that surrounds all cells and regulates what enters and leaves
Cell Membrane (or Plasma Membrane)
Write down the function of the Cell Wall and specify which type of cell it is found in
It provides a stiff, protective barrier and rigid structure; it is found in plant cells.
In our "Cell City" analogy, which organelle acts like the Amazon because it packages, sorts, and ships proteins for delivery?
Golgi Apparatus (or Golgi Body)
Identify the cell organelles (Picture in Day 5 Slide)
Depends
This gel-like substance fills the cell, holding all the organelles in place and acting as the "glue" of the cell
Cytoplasm
Identify the cell organelles (Picture in Day 5 Slide)
Depends
Plant cells have a very large version of this organelle to store water and provide structural support, whereas animal cells have much smaller versions
Vacuole (specifically the Central Vacuole in plants)
These tiny, hair-like structures or thin tubes provide structural support and act as "roads" for moving materials around the cell
Microtubules (or Cytoskeleton)
Which specific organelle contains chlorophyll and allows plants to be autotrophs by turning sunlight into food?
Chloroplast.
List two structures that are found in plant cells but are completely absent in animal cells
Cell Wall and Chloroplasts
During our lab, we used Iodine to stain our human cheek cells. Which specific organelle absorbed the most stain and appeared the darkest under the microscope?
The Nucleus
Why do plant cells usually have a fixed, rectangular shape while animal cells look more irregular or round under the microscope?
Because plant cells have a rigid Cell Wall that holds a specific shape.
This organelle is called "Rough" because it is studded with tiny ribosomes, and it works like a factory production line to package and transport proteins
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
We learned that Prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) are "very prone to mutation." What is it about their DNA that makes them so vulnerable compared to Eukaryotic cells
Their DNA is exposed and "naked" because it is not protected inside a nucleus
What is the specific difference between Rough ER and Smooth ER functional wise?
Rough ER is studded with ribosomes (for protein transport), while Smooth ER lacks ribosomes (and makes lipids/detoxifies).
We learned that both plants and animals are Eukaryotes. What is the most important feature that a Eukaryotic cell has, but a Prokaryotic cell (like bacteria) does not?
A Nucleus (or membrane-bound organelles)