Cell Structures
This organelle controls what enters and exits the cell
What is the cell membrane?
Mitosis results in how many daughter cells?
What is two?
What is the purpose of meiosis?
To create gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction.
What is the main pigment responsible for absorbing sunlight?
What is chlorophyll?
What organelle does cellular respiration take place in?
What is the mitochondria?
Found only in plant cells, this structure provides support and protection.
What is the cell wall?
What happens during metaphase?
Chromosomes align at the center (equator)of the cell.
How many daughter cells result from meiosis?
What is four?
What are the two main products of photosynthesis?
Glucose and oxygen
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
To produce ATP (energy).
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
What is protein synthesis?
In which phase do sister chromatids separate?
What is anaphase?
What happens during crossing over, and why is it important?
Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, leading to genetic variation.
Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration.
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
This organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell."
What is the mitochondria?
What is the purpose of mitosis?
Growth, repair, and maintenance of cells.
What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
Diploid cells (2n) have two sets of chromosomes, haploid cells (n) have one.
What is the purpose of stomata in leaves?
To regulate gas exchange by opening and closing
What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain.
Name three differences between plant and animal cells.
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole, while animal cells have lysosomes and centrioles.
Name a disease that results from uncontrolled mitosis.
What is cancer?
Name two ways meiosis increases genetic variation.
Crossing over during Prophase I and independent assortment during Metaphase I.
What layer of the leaf contains the most chlorophyll-rich cells?
The palisade layer.
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration form a cycle?
Photosynthesis makes oxygen and glucose, which are used in respiration. Respiration produces CO₂ and water, which are used in photosynthesis. They are reverse cycles.