Misc.
These substances speed up the rate of a chemical reaction.
What are enzymes?
This property allows some things to enter/leave the cell, and blocks other things from doing so.
What is selective permeability?
This fills the space inside a cell. It is semi-fluid and is composed of water and dissolved materials.
What is cytoplasm?
This organelle provides the cell with the ATP it needs to perform its functions and activities.
What is the mitochondria?
This occurs when molecules or ions move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is diffusion?
This type of junction mechanically connects cells.
What are adhesion junctions?
The part of the phospholipid that 'loves' water
What is the hydrophilic head?
This organelle directs cell processes by providing DNA instructions. It is surrounded by its own membrane and is covered with pores.
What is the nucleus?
These structures are used for cell movement. The first is long and there are usually very few of them. The second are short and there are usually many of them.
What are flagella and cilia?
The type of diffusion that occurs when a transport protein is required to move large molecules along with the concentration gradient.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Fluids enter a cell by this type of endocytosis.
What is pinocytosis?
Large molecules that cannot pass through the phospholipid bilayer must pass through these.
What are transport proteins?
This organelle is a series of flattened membranes. Cell products pass through these membranes and become packaged for delivery in or out of the cell.
What is the Golgi apparatus
This organelle digests worn out cell parts using hydrolytic enzymes.
What is a lysosome?
This occurs when water diffuses into a cell.
What is osmosis?
In a ____________ solution, cells gain water and may burst (lysis).
What is hypotonic?
Large molecules that cannot pass through the phospholipid bilayer must pass through these.
What are transport proteins?
This organelle is a series of interconnected passageways. Proteins and lipids are synthesized here. There are two varieties 'smooth' and 'rough'.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
These are made by the nucleolus and their function is to make proteins. They are either free-floating in the cytoplasm or found attached to the ER.
What are ribosomes?
This term refers to the direction the particles are moving; you are either going with it or against it.
What is the concentration gradient?
The process of producing ATP is called this.
What is cellular respiration?
These lipids are located within the phospholipid bilayer, and they function to stabilize the cell membrane.
What is cholesterol?
This helps maintain a cell's shape and either anchors the organelles or assists in their movement.
What is the cytoskeleton?
This is the organelle that stores genetic information as long chains of DNA.
What is the nucleus?
The sodium/potassium pump requires ATP to pump against the concentration gradient. This is an example of this type of transport.
What is active transport?