Cell Discovery
This group of organisms are considered to be "larger" because they contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What are eukaryotic cells?
This organelle provides the cell with the ATP (energy) it needs to perform its functions and activities.
What is the mitochondria?
This scientist disproved what many people had thought (where cells come from non-living things) by explaining that cells come from pre-existing cells.
Who is Rudolf Virchow?
Describe the DNA within a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. (Where it is located & its shape)
PRO - single, circular DNA found in the cytoplasm (nucleoid region)
EU - linear DNA found in the nucleus
These structures are used for cell movement. The first is long and there are usually very few of them. The second are short and there are usually many of them.
What flagella and pili/fimbriae?
What 2 scientists determined that all plants and animals were made of cells? Tell me which studied plants and animals.
Who are Theodor Schwann (animals) and Matthias Schleiden (plants)?
Simple, compound, light, electron and transmission are all terms that relate to this technology that helped with the discovery of cells:
What are microscopes?
List 3 cell parts/functions that all cells have.
Parts: Ribosomes, Cytoplasm, Genetic Material (DNA), Cell Membrane
Functions: Reproduce
This organelle is a series of flattened membranes. It acts as the factory for proteins, where they are sorted and packaged into vesicles that can be sent where they are needed in the cells.
What is the Golgi apparatus
This organelle digests worn out cell parts and also plays a role to defend the cell from infection. It is found in animal cells.
What is a lysosome?
Plant cells - go through photosynthesis (use energy from the sun to make the type of sugar, glucose)
These four organisms are considered to be eukaryotic.
What are animals, plants, protists, and fungi?
This organelle is a series of interconnected passageways. Proteins and lipids are synthesized (made) here also. There are two varieties 'S' and 'R'.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
These are made by the nucleolus, and their function is to follow DNA instructions to make stuff, like protein. They are free-floating or may be found attached to the ER.
What are ribosomes?
RER - has ribosomes on it, makes and modifies proteins
SER - no ribosomes, makes lipids (fats)
List 4 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells/organisms.
PRO - no nucleus/membrane bound organelles, smaller, ONLY unicellular, EX: bacteria,
EU - have a nucleus/membrane bound organelles, larger, unicellular OR multicellular, EX: animals, protists, plants, fungi
This organelle is found only in animal cells. It is made of microtubules and is thought to play a role in cell division.
What are centrioles?
The three differences between plant and animal cells are:
1. Plant cells have cell walls. 2. Plant cells have chloroplasts 3. Animal cells have centrioles. 4. Animal cells have lysosomes. 5. Animal cells have small vacuoles. 6. Plant cells have central vacuoles.
Explain how the ribosome, RER, and golgi work together.
1. Ribosomes make proteins
2. Proteins enter the rough ER, where they are folded, modified, and transported inside small vesicles.
3. Vesicles carry the proteins to the Golgi apparatus, which processes, sorts, and packages them for their final destination — either inside the cell or for secretion outside the cell.