Organelles
The makeup of the cell membrane.
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
86 to 100 billion.
How many neurons are there in the brain?
The carriers of the chemicals that fuse with the membrane, opening it and causing the chemicals to spill out into the synaptic cleft.
What are the synaptic vesicles?
Have one arm (process), mainly found in insects and lower organisms.
What are unipolar neurons?
Motor & Efferent.
What are Ventral nerves (spinal nerves)?
Glial cells involved in immune function and waste removal, as defense in the CNS, keeping out pathogens.
What are microglia?
Substances that must be ionized and move into and out of the cell membrane through channels.
What are sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride?
Dendrites & cell body.
What are the two parts of the neuron that can receive neural messages from other neurons? (Also, what makes up gray matter in the brain?)
The membrane that opens and allows the neurotransmitters to be released.
What is the pre-synaptic membrane?
Found typically in sensory organs (such as in the eye, auditory cortex, etc.)
What are Bipolar Neurons?
Sensory Nerve to Interneuron to Motor Nerve, leading to quicker response.
What is the "Reflex Arc".
Glial cells creating and providing the myelin sheath in the CNS.
What are Oligodendroglia?
Organelle that packages the proteins following their manufacture.
What are Golgi bodies?
The gaps in the myelin sheath that help the neural message travel faster down the axon.
What are the "Nodes of Ranvier"?
20 to 40 nanometers.
What is the width of the synaptic cleft?
They make up most of the neurons in the CNS, including motor neurons & interneurons; found mostly in the cortex of the brain & spinal cord.
What are multipolar neurons?
2 types of messages from the 1000's of neural stimuli from other neurons coming into the dendrites and cell body.
What are Excitatory & Inhibitory?
Autoimmune condition that causes myelin to be destroyed, resulting in scar tissue forming that blocks the transmission of the neural message.
What is multiple sclerosis?
Underlying combination of genetic material in animals and humans.
What is the Genotype?
The junction between the terminal button of an axon and the membrane of another neuron.
What is the synapse?
Appendages on the dendrites that allow for more area on which synapses can form.
What are dendritic spines?
Neurons related to Parkinson-like symptoms from anti-psychotic medications.
What are pyramidal neurons?
Glial cells that line the ventricles and secrete CSF into the brain & spinal cord tissue.
What are ependymal cells?
Back and forth movement of the brain inside of the skull from shaking, whiplash, etc., causing bruising on the brain and potential shearing of nerve fibers (axons).
What is Coup/Contrecoup (“Blow/Counterblow”).
Responsible for waste removal in the cell.
What are Lysosomes?
At the Synapse, the neuron releases this chemical that affects another neuron.
What is a neurotransmitter?
The membrane which contains the receptors on which the neurotransmitters bind after release into the synaptic cleft.
What is the post-synaptic membrane?
Sensory & afferent (ascending).
What are Dorsal nerves (spinal nerves)?
Glial cells creating "tight junctions" on blood vessels in the brain (Blood-Brain Barrier).
What are Astrocytes?
Made up of terrific, bright, and motivated people with great potential and desire to help others.
What is our class?