TRANSPORT
What is the plasma membrane?
This selectively permeable structure controls what enters and leaves the cell.
What is a chloroplast?
It is an organelle and the site of photosynthesis in a plant cell.
The minimum amount of energy required before a reaction can occur.
What is the mitochondia?
The organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration.
What are Adenine Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine?
Base pairs found in DNA
What is the difference between a hypertonic and a hypotonic solution?
A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell, while a hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell.
CO2 and H2O
How do enzymes speed up reactions?
By lowering the activation energy required for the reaction.
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
One type of respiration requires oxygen and produces a large amount of ATP, while the other does not require oxygen and produces much less ATP.
What is DNA replication?
This process produces two genetically identical DNA molecules from one original DNA molecule.
Name and briefly describe the 3 types of passive transport .
What are the two products produced during photosynthesis?
What are all the factors that can affect enzyme activity?
Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, inhibitors and co-factors.
What is the word equation for aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic: Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
Anaerobic: Glucose --> Lactic Acid + ATP
What are the four stages of mitosis in the correct order?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase
What is endocytosis and exocytosis and its types?
Endocytosis
- Phagocytosis (cells eating solid material)
- Pinocytosis (cells drinking liquid solutions)
Exocytosis (release of substances from the cell)
What is chlorophyll?
This is a pigment that absorbs light energy and gives plants their green colour.
What is denaturation?
This occurs when the bonds maintaining an enzymes shape break, causing the active site to change shape.
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, The electron transport chain.
Helicase.
Why would active transport be required?
Ions are moving against their concentration gradient, therefore ATP and protein pumps are needed for active transport.
A plant is placed in the dark for several days but still has water and carbon dioxide available. Its rate of photosynthesis decreases to zero. Why would this be?
Because light provides the energy needed for photosynthesis, and without it the plant cannot produce glucose.
One of these decreases enzyme activity by preventing normal enzyme function. The other increases enzyme activity by helping the enzyme function properly.
A muscle cell switches to anaerobic respiration during intense exercise even though aerobic respiration produces more ATP. Why does the muscle cell switch to anaerobic respiration?
Because oxygen becomes limiting, so the cell must use anaerobic respiration to continue producing ATP.
Name the three stages of interphase and briefly describe what happens during each stage.