Organelles (animal and plant)
This jelly-like substance fills the space inside a cell. It allows for nutrients and organelles to move within the cell.
Cytoplasm
Cell cycle results in two genetically _____________ cells.
Two genetically identical cells.
What is the longest phase in the cell cycle?
Interphase
True or false. When cancer cells divide uncontrollably, they spend more time in interphase than in mitosis.
False! Cancer cells spend more time in mitosis (cell division) than in interphase (normal, daily functions).
True.
True or false? This lens-shaped organelle that allows for photosynthesis, can be found in animal and plant cells.
False! Chloroplasts can only be found in plant cells.
During this phase, chromosomes line up in the center of the cell and spindle fibres attach to the centromeres (the middle of the chromosome).
Metaphase
In interphase, chromosomes are copied/replicated. True or false?
True
Cell division in cancer cells is uncontrolled because they have a __________ in their DNA.
This type of tissue can shorten and lengthen to allow for movement in the body.
Muscular Tissue
This organelle is a series of flattened sheets and can modify, package and store proteins for delivery in or out of the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
True or False. In prophase, chromosomes condense into chromatins in the nucleus.
False! Chromatin condense into chromosomes!
What do we call specific points in the cell cycle that regulate whether a cell will move on to the next step? They are important to maintain balance between cell division (mitosis) and cell death (apoptosis).
Stop signals/Checkpoints
A build up of cancer cells form these on organs in the body.
Tumors
What are the 4 main types of tissues in a human body?
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous
What is the term used to describe how cell membranes can allow nutrients into the cell but won't allow dust, dirt, and bacteria in.
Semi-permeable (or selective permeability)
Centrioles are organelles that create ______________.
Spindle fibers
DNA is made up of what 4 bases?
Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine.
Through this process, cancer cells break away from their original site and move through the bloodstream to other parts of the body.
Metastasis
Undifferentiated cells that can divide and differentiate into many different types of specialized cells?
Stem Cells
What are 3 differences between plant and animal cells?
1. Plant cells have cell walls
2. Plant cells have chloroplasts
3. Animal cells have centrioles
What is the difference between animal and plant cells during cytokinesis?
Plant cells create a cell plate in the middle to separate into two identical daughter cells. Animal cells form a cleavage furrow by pinching the cell membrane and cytoplasm to form two identical daughter cells.
What 3 things are cells doing in interphase before they can enter mitosis?
Growing, synthesizing (producing) DNA, and replicating DNA.
In your own words, explain how a healthy cell can turn into a cancerous cell and ultimately a tumour. (You should mention the cell cycle, checkpoints, and cell division)
When a mutation occurs in a healthy cell, it can lead to the cell ignoring its checkpoints in the cell cycle that regulate cell death. By ignoring the stop signals, they enter the mitosis phase more frequently and undergo cell division excessively. As cells divide, divide, divide, they accumulate in one spot and form a tumour.
Blood is an example of what type of tissue?
Connective