Cells and Organelles
Cell Membrane
Transport
Tonicity
Miscellaneous
100
A cell that cannot properly perform cellular respiration to turn glucose into usable energy (ATP) most likely has a problem with this organelle.
mitochondria
100
What does it mean to be selectively permeable?
A selectively permeable membrane allows some substances to pass through while preventing or limiting other substances from passing through.
100
What is the terminology for the movement of solute and water in an isotonic solution?
dynamic equilibrium
100
What two things do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells lack?
a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
200
A human cell that has a high percentage of lysosomes compared to other organelles may be found where in the body?
white blood cells, stomach.
200
In the phospholipid bilayer the ______ face the interior and exterior of the cell because they are ________ (polar/nonpolar) and __________ (hydrophilic/hydrophobic).
phosphate heads, polar, hydrophilic
200
Classify the following as active or passive transport.
Exocytosis, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, protein pumps, endocytosis.
active, passive, passive, passive, active, active
200
Water always moves _____ (towards/away) the side with a higher concentration of solute.
towards
200
What organelle provides structure for the cell and aids in movement?
cytoskeleton
300
Describe how chloroplasts and mitochondria work together in a plant cell.
Chloroplasts make the fuel → Mitochondria turn the fuel into usable energy (ATP).
300
A molecule is large and highly polar. If moving from high to low concentration, what would be the method it uses to get into the cell?
facilitated diffusion
300
A cell contains 10% solute. The surrounding solution contains 2% solute.
The cell is ________ to the surrounding solution. Water will move where?
hypertonic, into the cell.
300
What are the three components of cell theory?
all cells come from pre-existing cells, cells are the basic unit of life, all living things are made of cells.
400
Describe the path a protein takes from being created, transported through, and exported out of a cell.
A protein begins with transcription, which occurs in the nucleus. During transcription, a section of DNA is used as a template to create mRNA. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and travels to a ribosome, where translation occurs and the protein is synthesized.
The newly synthesized protein enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it is folded and transported through the cell. The protein then travels to the Golgi apparatus, where it is modified, sorted, and packaged. Finally, the protein is transported to the cell membrane, where it is exported outside the cell.
400
What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
regulates fluidity and stability despite temperature changes.
400
A cell surrounds a large bacterium with its cell membrane and brings it into the cell inside a vesicle.
Name the specific process.
phagocytosis (a type of active transport via endocytosis)
400
Which type of cells are less likely to lyse when placed into an isotonic solution? Why?
plant cells due to presence of a large central vacuole, cell wall, and turgor pressure.
400
Describe the significance of endosymbiotic theory.
Endosymbiotic theory explains how complex eukaryotic cells evolved from simpler cells. It proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by an ancestral cell. Instead of being digested, they formed a mutually beneficial relationship with their host cell and eventually became organelles.
500
Label the following: A, B, C, D, E, H, J, K, N
centrioles, cell membrane, ER, mitochondria, golgi, DNA, nuclear membrane, nucleolus, vesicle
500
Label all of the following:5 and 6 are the same.
1: glycoprotein
2: glycolipid
3: protein channel
4: fatty acid tails
5: cholesterol
7: peripheral protein
8: protein pump
500
Give an example of each of the following: diffusion, osmosis, active transport.
answers will vary
500
A red blood cell contains a total solute concentration of 18%. It is placed into a solution containing 12% solute. The solutes cannot cross the cell membrane, but water can.
What type of solution is the cell placed in? Where will water move?
isotonic, into the cell.
500
Label the following aspects of a cholroplast.
outer membrane, inner membrane, stroma, thylakoids.