Cells
What are 3 ways that Eukaryotic cells are different from Prokaryotic cells?
- They have a nucleus
- They are larger
- They are more complex
- They have membrane bound organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts, etc)
What are the 3 main reasons why viruses are not considered biotic?
1. They do not need energy.
2. They are not made of cells.
3. They cannot reproduce on their own.
Which stage of the cell cycle duplicates organelles?
G1 Phase
Where does all energy that is used by organisms on Earth originally come from?
The Sun
What are the three types of relationships that fall under symbiosis?
Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism
What organelle is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates like glucose into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP Energy?
The mitochondria
What is at least ONE thing that cells and viruses have in common?
There are many possible answers.
- Both contain genetic material
- Both are microscopic
- Both can evolve (change) over time.
Which stage of the cell cycle copies DNA?
S Phase
What is the order of energy flow in a food chain?
Producers --> Primary Consumers --> Secondary Consumers
What is the difference between mutualism and commensalism?
In mutualism, both organisms benefit. In commensalism, one benefits and the other has no effect
What organelle is responsible for making proteins during translation of protein synthesis?
The ribosome
What is the purpose of the surface proteins on the virus?
It helps the virus attach to the host cell.
In what stage of the cell cycle does the cell divide?
Mitosis & Cytokinesis
A forest is recovering from a wildfire where all of the vegetation was destroyed, but the area still has nutrient rich soil. Is this an example of primary or secondary succession, and why?
Secondary succession because the soil is still there
The human gut has a very diverse microbiome community. Many of the bacteria play an essential role in the human gut like in digestion. These bacteria also benefit by gaining a source of nutrients and protection. What would this relationship be classified as?
Mutualism
What are 3 things that both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
- DNA
- They are biotic (living)
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
Which of these structures would be present in a prokaryotic cell but NOT a virus?
A. Ribosome
B. Nucleus
C. Capsid
D. DNA
A. Ribosome
Which shows the correct sequence that cells undergo when they go through the cell cycle?
G1, S, G2, M
In a given ecosystem, mice are considered primary consumers. What would happen to the producers and secondary consumers if the entire mice population disappeared?
The producers population would increase while the secondary consumers would decrease.
Remora fish often use a special fin to attack to sharks. When attached to a shark, remora fish are protected and get access to food scraps from the shark. The shark treats the remora fish as a harmless companion. What type of relationship would this be?
Commensalism
Which type of cell evolved first? Prokaryote or Eukaryote? How do we know?
Prokaryotic cells evolved first, we know this because they are simpler. Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.
A doctor observes that a patient has a fever and fatigue, but antibiotics have no effect on their illness. Lab analysis shows the pathogen contains genetic material inside a protein coat and reproduces only by entering host cells and using their machinery, causing the cells to burst. The doctor recommends prevention through vaccination rather than antibiotic treatment.
Part 1: What type of pathogen does the doctor observe? A bacteria or virus?
Part 2: Justify your answer.
This is a virus because antibiotics did not work, it has a protein coat, uses host cells to reproduce, and vaccinations for prevention.
The cell cycle makes cells that are identical. If a cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes cell division, how many chromosomes would be in one daughter cell?
46 chromosomes in each of the daughter cells that undergo mitosis
What is the role of bacteria in an ecosystem?
What is the difference between a predator and a parasite?
Parasites often live in or on their hosts and do not kill them immediately. Predators often kill and eat their prey immediately.