Biology of a Cell
Cell Boundaries
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Cell Growth & Division
100
This is a large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA. This "structure" also controls many of the cell's activities.
What is the nucleus.
100
This is the process by which molecules of a substance move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. NOTE: this does not require the cell to use energy.
What is diffusion.
100
This consists of adenine, a 5 carbon sugar known as ribose, and 3 phosphate groups. Energy in this process is stored by breaking the chemical bond between the second and third phosphates and releasing energy.
What is adenosine triphosphate or ATP
100
The process that releases energyby breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen + glucose -----> carbon dioxide + water + energy
What is Cellular respiration
100
During this cycle the cell grows, replicates its DNA and divides into 2 daughter cells.
What is the cell cycle.
200
This surrounds the nucleus and is composed of two membranes. The unique pores allow information (ex: instructions, and blueprints of protiens and RNA) to move in and out of the nucleus.
What is the nuclear envelope.
200
If a substance is able to diffuse across a membrane, the membrane is said to be _________. Most biological membranes are selective meaning some substances can pass across while others cannot.
What is permeable.
200
Carbon dioxide + water ---(light)--> sugars + oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2O ---(LIGHT)--> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is photosynthesis
200
During this cycke pyruvis acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions. Citric acid is the first compound formed in this series of reaction.
What is The krebs cycle
200
During this phase of mitosis the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Each chromosome then connects to a spindle fiber at its centromere.
What is metaphase
300
These distinct, threadlike structures contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cellsto the next.
What are Chromosomes.
300
During this process extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles. Amoebas are one type of organism that uses this process to take in food and other materials.
What is phagocytosis.
300
This is the region outside the thylakoid membrane where the calvin cycle takes place.
What is the stroma.
300
This is the location in which cellular respiration takes place.
What is The mitochondria
300
Thos protien regulates the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
What is cyclin.
400
This is the site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled as well as protiens and other materials that are exported from the cell. This is also divided into the rough and smooth ______________.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum.
400
During this process, tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill woth liquid and pinch off to form vacuoles within the cell.
What is pinocytosis.
400
The name is hard but the job is simple, to accept and hold 2 high energy electrons with hydrogen ions. This conversion is one way energy from sunlight can be trapped in a chemical form.
What is NADP+ into NADPH
400
This form of transportation uses high energy electrons from the krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP.
What is the electron transport chain.
400
Human cells have this many chromosomes.
What is 46
500
Some cells contain these saclike structures that store materials, such as water, salts, protiens, and carbohydrates. In plants this is a single structure containing liquid.
What are vacuoles.
500
This passes quiet easily through most memebranes and osmosis is the result.
What is water.
500
During this cycle plants use the energy that ATP and NADPH contaon to build high energy compunds which can be stores for a long time.
What is the calvin cycle
500
In this stage of the krebs cycle, citric acid is broken down into a 5 carbon compound then intoa 4 carbon compound. Along the way two more molecules of CO2 are released and electrons join NAD+ and FAD forming NADH and FADH2.
What is ENERGY EXTRACTION
500
The first and longest phase of mitosis, prophase, can take as much as ________ % of total time required to complete mitosis.
What is 50 to 60 percent.
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