Tissues/Cellular Injury
Systemic manifestations of cellular injury
What is...
Fever, leukocytosis, increased heart rate, pain, and serum elevations of enzymes in the plasma.
Cells capable of division
What is...
mature cells and maturation takes place during interphase (growth phase)
Two important second-messenger pathways
What is...
cAMP and Ca ++
Functions of the plasma membrane
What is...
Cell-to-cell recognition, cell enclosure, controls movement of substances, cellular mobility and shape, selective transport system, influences metabolic pathways.
The synthesis of protein and cellular stress
What is...
The endoplasmic reticulum
An example of chemical injury in cellular biology
What is...
Medication miscalculations
The four phases of the cell cycle
What is...
1. The G1 phase (gap)
2. The S phase (DNA Synthesis)
3. The G2 phase (RNA and protein synthesis)
4. The M phase (mitosis occurs)
Bonus: The M phase (mitosis) involves four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
The signals transduction
What is...
Signals or instructions from extracellular chemical messengers that are conveyed to the cell’s interior for execution.
The composition of the lipids
What is...
Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
The secretory vesicles directing traffic and releasing substances
What is...
The Golgi complex
The four basic types of tissues
What is...
1. Muscle
2. Neural
3. Epithelial
4. Connective
Cellular reproduction has two requirements
What is...
Mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division).
Modes of intercellular signaling
What is...
Contact-dependent, paracrine, hormonal, neurohormonal, and neurotransmitter.
The plasma membrane composition
What is...
Lipids and protein
Saclike structures containing digestive enzymes
What is...
Lysosomes
The functions of epithelial and connective tissues
What is...
Protection, absorption, secretion, and excretion (Epithelial Tissue)
Framework for forming organs, binding, supporting, and storing excess nutrients (Connective Tissue)
Two classes of regulatory molecules
What is...
Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and Cyclins. Determines cell cycle progression.
Signal transduction pathways
What is...
Physically transferring the signal around the cell, amplifying the signal, distributing the signal, and modulating the signal.
The function of protein in the plasma membrane
What is...
1. Receptors
2. Transporters
3. Enzymes
4. Surface markers
5. Adhesion molecules
6. Catalysts
Generates most of the cell's ATP
What is...
Mitochondria
The functions of muscle and neural tissues
What is...
Contractile tissue, enabling both voluntary and involuntary movement (Muscle Tissue)
Receive and transmit electrical impulses very rapidly across junctions called synapses (Neural Tissue)
Growth factors play a role in cellular reproduction
What is...
Cytokines. Stimulates connective tissue growth by promoting protein synthesis
Three main ways of cellular communication
What is...
1. They display plasma membrane–bound signaling molecules (receptors) that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact
2. They activate receptor proteins inside the target cell, and the signal molecule has to enter the cell to bind to them
3.They form protein channels (gap junctions) that directly coordinate the activities of adjacent cells.
The capacity to recognize and bind smaller molecules called ligands.
What is...
Cellular receptors
Lysosomes have four pathways of degradation
What is...
1. Endocytosis
2. Phagocytosis
3. Macropinocytosis
4. Autophagy