Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Enzymes
Enzyme Regulation
Random Jeopardy
100
Where within the chloroplast does chlorophyll absorb light?
Within the photosystems in the thylakoid membrane
100
This is the purpose of oxygen during the electron transport chain?
It's the final electron acceptor!
100
Where do enzymes bind to substrates?
Active site
100
What is a nonprotein assistant required by an enzyme to function, often a metal ion or coenzyme?
Cofactor
100
What are the two energy organelles?
Chloroplast and Mitochondria
200
In order for NADP+ to reduce to NADPH, which photosystem provides the necessary e- to reduce it?
Photosystem I
200
What are the phases/steps of cellular respiration.
Glycolysis, Pyruvate oxidation, Krebs Cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation (ETC and Chemiosmosis)
200
What do enzymes do to speed up or catalyze reactions?
Lower the activation energy
200
What is the difference between a competitive inhibitor and noncompetitive inhibitor?
A competitive inhibitor binds to the enzyme’s active site and blocks the substrate, while a noncompetitive inhibitor binds elsewhere on the enzyme and changes its shape so the substrate can’t bind properly.
200
Where does anaerobic respiration occur in the cell?
Cytoplasm or cytosol
300
What are the outputs of the light dependent reaction?
NADPH, ATP, and O2
300
Why must pyruvate be transported from the cytosol to the mitochondria after glycolysis in cellular respiration?
So that it can be further oxidized during the Krebs cycle, where it contributes to the production of ATP, the release of carbon dioxide, and the transfer of electrons to NADH and FADH2
300
These two factors can cause denaturation of an enzyme, not allowing it to catalyze a reaction.
Change in pH or temperature
300
Looking at the photo, describe what is happening in this substrate-enzyme complex.
Regulatory molecules are binding to an allosteric site of an enzyme in order to activate it and open up the active sites.
300
How does converting ATP to ADP help power the cell?
When you break the bond between the last two phosphates it releases usable energy for the cell to function and carry out metabolic processes. Energy is released, and ATP becomes ADP, which has less stored energy than ATP.
400
How does the presence of different types of chlorophyll in plants enhance their ability to perform photosynthesis?
Different chlorophylls allow plants to absorb a broader range of light wavelengths, increasing their efficiency in capturing light energy for photosynthesis.
400
Where does the electron transport chain happen during cellular respiration and what does it do?
ETC occurs in the mitochondrial membrane and the ETC is responsible for creating a gradient that helps create ATP via ATP synthase.
400
What molecule binds at the allosteric site changing the shape of the enzyme, slowing down the ability to bind to substrates.
Noncompetitive inhibition/inhibitor
400
Explain how increasing the amount of substrate concentration influences enzyme catalysis and efficiency?
Increasing substrate concentration speeds up enzyme reactions because more substrate molecules are available to bind to the enzyme.
Once all the enzyme active sites are occupied, adding more substrate won’t make the reaction faster, and the rate levels off. So, at high concentrations, the enzyme works at its maximum capacity.
400
What is the role of oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration?
Oxidative phosphorylation - ATP is made using energy from electrons passed through the electron transport chain, with oxygen as the final electron acceptor. This happens in the mitochondria and produces a lot of ATP.