Photosynthesis Pt. 1
Why is photosynthesis important to plants?
It creates their energy and food
Where does photosynthesis take place in the cell?
The Chloroplasts (thylakoids)
What are the reactants of the Calvin cycle?
CO2 and Rubisco
Why is Cellular Respiration important to plants and animals?
It allows the cell to create energy molecules which are used to do work for and in the body.
Where does cellular respiration happen in the body?
The mitochondria
What are the two main parts/systems?
The electron transport chain and ATP Synthase
What parts react with sunlight in photosynthesis?
Photosystem I and II
What are the products of the Calvin Cycle?
Sugar and Rubisco
What are the two phases/stages of cellular respiration when oxygen is present?
Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle
What are the two phases/stages of cellular respiration when oxygen isn't present?
Glycolysis and Anaerobic Respiration
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
Sunlight, Water, and Carbon dioxide
What are all the products of photosynthesis?
Sugar, Oxygen and water
What are the three steps of the Calvin cycle?
Carbon Fixation, Carbon Reduction, and Reformation
What are the steps of glycolysis?
1. Sugar(glucose) is broken into two three-carbon molecules by using energy.
2. Then those three-carbon molecules are changed to pyruvate which creates energy.
What are the steps of the Krebs cycle?
1. Pyruvate is then changed into Acetyl CoA which releases energy and CO2.
2. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle by combing with a four-carbon molecule to form citric acid (which has 6-carbons).
3. Citric acid is then broken down releasing 1 CO2 molecule and energy and creating a five-carbon molecule.
4. That five-carbon molecule is then broken down releasing 1 CO2 molecule and energy and reforming the four-carbon molecule.
Photosystem II, Electron carriers, Photosystem II, electron carriers and ferredoxin.
Why are ferredoxin and ATP Synthase important?
They produce energy molecules that are used to create sugar (food for the plant).
How are photosynthesis and the Calvin Cycle similar and different?
Similar - They both use CO2, create sugar, and happen in the chloroplasts
Different - It does not use sunlight, it uses only uses ATP instead of producing it
What is the balanced equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O -----> 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + energy
Why is cellular respiration with oxygen better than fermentation?
It creates more energy
What are the general steps of photosynthesis?
1. Light, and water enter photosystem II
2. Reactions take place in photosystem II that split water molecules into hydrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and free electrons.
3. The free electrons move through the electron carriers in the electron transport chain and move free hydrogen atoms from outside the cell in.
4.The free electron moves to photosystem I where sunlight excites it and it moves through electron carriers to ferredoxin.
5. n the ferredoxin molecule, the electron is used to activate NADP+ to NADPH
6. ATP synthase moves hydrogen atoms from inside the cell out and using the energy from their concentration gradient activates ADP to ATP
7.NADPH and ATP react with CO2 by donating their hydrogen atoms which creates sugar and NADP+ and ADP
What is the balanced equation of photosynthesis?
6 CO2 + 12 H2O -------> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
List and describe the path of the Calvin Cycle
1. CO2 and rubisco combine in carbon fixation due to energy added.
2. The fixed carbon molecules undergo structural changes in carbon reduction due to energy added, sugar is created and ribulose is leftover.
3. In reformation due to energy added to ribulose and rubisco is reformed.
Summarize the steps for cellular respiration starting with sugar and ending with how all the energy is created.
1. In Glycolysis sugar(glucose) is broken into two three-carbon molecules by using energy.
2. Then those three-carbon molecules are changed to pyruvate which creates energy.
3. Pyruvate is then changed into Acetyl CoA which releases energy and CO2.
4. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle by combing with a four-carbon molecule to form citric acid (which has 6-carbons).
5. Citric acid is then broken down releasing 1 CO2 molecule and energy and creating a five-carbon molecule.
6. That five-carbon molecule is then broken down releasing 1 CO2 molecule and energy and reforming the four-carbon molecule.
7. All the energy created from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle go into an electron transport chain and become de-energized giving their electrons to the chain which then moves hydrogen from the outside in creating a concentration gradient.
8. ATP synthase uses that newly made gradient to move hydrogen back in the cell and even out the gradient and create ATP.
Summarize the steps for fermentation starting with sugar and ending with how all the energy is created.
1. In Glycolysis sugar(glucose) is broken into two three-carbon molecules by using energy.
2. Then those three-carbon molecules are changed to pyruvate which creates energy.
3. Pyruvate is then changed to lactic acid by enzymes by using energy (Lactic acid fermentation)
or
3. Pyruvate is then changed to ethanol and CO2 by using energy (Alcohol fermentation)