Metabolic processes and Enzymes
Cellular Respiration
DNA and RNA
Protein Synthesis
Miscellaneous
100
What metabolic process builds larger molecules (polymers) from smaller ones (monomers)?
What is anabolism?
100
What does glycolysis convert a 6-carbon glucose molecule into?
What is 2 pyruvic acid? - see picture
100
A gene is the portion of the DNA molecule that contains genetic information. The human genome contains about 10,000 genes. True or False?
What is false?
100
Transcription occurs in the nucleus while translation occurs at __________. ?
What is ribosomes?
100
Name the three parts of an ATP molecule, the major energy currency of the cell.
What are adenine, ribose, and three phosphates? - see picture
200
In catabolism, energy is released when the bond is broken and water is ____________ (released/ required) to break the bond, which is known as hydrolysis.
What is required?
200
All or Nothing: Where does glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain occur in the cell?
What is glycolysis- cytoplasm, Krebs cycle- mitochondrial matrix, electron transport chain- inner mitochondrial membrane? -see picture
200
DNA is a double stranded molecule composed of nucleotides each containing deoxyribose (sugar), a nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group. During replication, how are the bases paired?
What is adenine is paired with thymine and guanine is paired with cytosine (A=T, G=C)? - see picture
200
During transcription, what enzyme links RNA nucleotides into a strand?
What is RNA polymerase? -see picture
200
The gain of electrons to a substance is called reduction while loss of electrons is called _______. DAILY DOUBLE
What is oxidation? oxidation Na + Cl --> Na+ + Cl- reduction
300
What are globular proteins that increase the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy required to start the reaction?
What are enzymes?
300
In aerobic respiration, both NADH and _______ (another energy rich molecule) act as electron carriers. DAILY DOUBLE
What is FADH2?
300
What is an error in DNA code that can result in an enzyme not being made at all, a protein having altered function, or a protein being produced in excess?
What is a mutation?
300
_______ assists in protein synthesis by bringing the appropriate amino acid for each codon to the ribosome.
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
300
What is an equation which shows the reversible behavior of ATP and ADP?
What is ADP + Pi --> ATP
400
The substance upon which a specific enzyme acts is known as a substrate. What region on the enzyme binds the substrate?
What is an active site? - see picture
400
In the absence of oxygen, pyruvic acid is either converted to ethanol (alcohol fermentation) or to ______________, a waste product.
What is lactic acid?
400
The enzyme DNA polymerase assists in DNA replication by linking nucleotides into a strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules (semi conservative replication). When does this process (DNA replication) take place? DAILY DOUBLE
What is interphase? -see picture
400
When mRNA is translated to protein, the tRNA molecule has an _______ which is complementary to the codon on the mRNA strand.
What is an anticodon?
400
The mRNA is complementary to the bases on the DNA strand, in the form of a triple base code known as a codon. If a DNA sequence is TCGATT, what is the mRNA strand?
What is AGCUAA?
500
Often times, a _______ (an ion of a metal like iron, copper, or zinc) or _________(vitamin) may be needed to activate an enzyme so it can react with its substrate
What is cofactor or coenzyme? (must be in right order)
500
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of energy production?
What is 2 ATPs released for anaerobic and 36 ATP for aerobic respiration?
500
List the differences in DNA and RNA in terms of structure and location.
What is DNA- deoxyribose, A pairs with T, double stranded; RNA- ribose, A pairs with U, single stranded?
500
The mRNA is read until what is reached, which signals for the termination of translation, causing the protein to be released into the cytoplasm?
What is a stop codon?
500
Stored fats are the greatest reserve fuel in the body. Where in the body is excess glucose stored in the form of glycogen?
What is the liver and muscle?
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