Breast Cancer
What are the 2 types of noninvasive breast cancers?
What is Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) & Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)?
What anatomy does the colorectal refer to?
What is the colon and rectal which makes up the large intestine?
True or False: Leukemia is genetic alterations leading to unregulated cell proliferation.
What is true?
Name 3 side effects of chemotherapy.
Mucositis, alopecia, cognitive changes, nausea, vomiting, and peripheral neuropathy.
While collecting a health history on a patient admitted for suspected colon cancer, which of the following questions would be a priority to ask this patient?
a. Have you noticed any blood in your stool?
b. Have you been experiencing nausea?
c. Do you have back pain?
d. Have you noticed any swelling in your abdomen?
A
Early colon cancer is often asymptomatic, with occult or frank blood in the stool being an assessment finding in a patient diagnosed with colon cancer.
What are the 2 genetic mutations associated with breast cancer?
What is BRCA 1 and BRCA 2?
What causes colorectal cancer?
SIKE! The exact cause it not known however there are risk factors that increase the chance of development.
List 3 therapeutic interventions for leukemia.
Chemotherapy
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)
Steroid therapy
Biologic agents
Complementary and alternative therapies
What are the 2 major classes of biological response modifiers?
A patient who is scheduled for a right breast biopsy asks the nurse the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor. Which answer by the nurse is correct?
a. "Benign tumors do not cause damage to other tissues."
b. "Benign tumors are likely to recur in the same location."
c. "Malignant tumors may spread to other tissues or organs."
d. "Malignant cells reproduce more rapidly than normal cells."
C
The major difference between benign and malignant tumors is that malignant tumors invade adjacent tissues and spread to distant tissues and benign tumors never metastasize.
When is it the best to perform a self-breast examination (BSE)?
A BSE should be done once a month, preferably at the same time of day, one week following a woman’s menstrual cycle.
Name 3 risk factors of colorectal cancer.
What is age (>50), family history (Adenomatous polyps), smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, obesity, and inactivity?
In leukemia symptoms vary according to what?
What drugs decrease the duration of anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia?
What is Hematopoietic Drugs?
The nurse is caring for a patient who received a bone marrow transplant 10 days ago. The nurse would monitor for which of the following clinical manifestations that could indicate a potentially life-threatening situation?
a. Mucositis
b. Confusion
c. Depression
d. Mild temperature elevation
D
During the first 100 days after a bone marrow transplant, patients are at high risk for life-threatening infections. The earliest sign of infection in an immunosuppressed patient can be a mild fever.
What is a mammogram and what age should women go for their first screening?
Mammograms are a special x-ray to detect lumps in the breast, but do NOT prevent breast cancer, they are used to determine early detection of breast cancer. Women from the age of 45 should go for an annual
mammogram.
What tests are used to look for colorectal cancer? (there are 4 listed in the PowerPoint)
Colonoscopy, Flexible Sigmoidoscopy, Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT), and Double contrast barium enema.
What are the 4 main types of leukemia?
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL)
What are the 3 side effects of chemotherapy related to bone marrow suppression?
Infection (neutropenia), thrombocytopenia (impaired clotting), and anemia (impaired gas exchange).
The nurse is caring for a patient with colon cancer who is scheduled for external radiation therapy to the abdomen. Which information obtained by the nurse would indicate a need for patient teaching?
a. The patient swims a mile 3 days a week.
b. The patient snacks frequently during the day.
c. The patient showers everyday with a mild soap.
d. The patient has a history of dental caries with amalgam fillings.
A
The patient is instructed to avoid swimming in salt water or chlorinated pools during the treatment period.
What are the 4 invasive types of breast cancer?
What is Invasive ductal carcinoma, Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), Pagets disease, and Triple negative breast cancer?
Nonsurgical vs Surgical management for colorectal cancer.
Nonsurgical = radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy.
Surgical = colon resection, colectomy, colostomy.
What is the nursing care provided for a bone marrow transplantation?
Preventing infection until marrow grafts and white blood cells (WBCs) are produced.
All organ systems must be monitored for graft versus host disease (GVHD).
Toxicity from pretransplant chemotherapy and radiation
What are the 3 Immunomodulating drugs?
Interferons, Monoclonal antibodies, and Interleukins.
The nurse at the clinic is interviewing a 64-year-old woman who is 5 feet, 3 inches tall and weighs 125 pounds (57 kg). The patient has not seen a health care provider for 20 years. She walks 5 miles most days and has a glass of wine 2 or 3 times a week. Which topics will the nurse plan to include in patient teaching about cancer screening and decreasing cancer risk?
(SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
a. Pap testing
b. Tobacco use
c. Sunscreen use
d. Mammography
e. Colorectal screening
A, C, D, E
The patient's age, gender, and history indicate a need for screening and/or teaching about colorectal cancer, mammography, Pap smears, and sunscreen. The patient does not use excessive alcohol or tobacco, she is physically active, and her body weight is healthy.