The Cell Cycle
What are the four phases of the cell cycle in order?
G1, S, G2, Mitosis
What are the four phases of mitosis?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What are the phases of meiosis?
PI, MI, AI, TI
PII, MII, AII, TII
Which type of cells undergo mitosis?
In what city was the first Whataburger started?
Corpus Christi
What does the G1/S checkpoint check for?
- Cell size
- Nutrients
- Growth Factor
- DNA Damage
Describe what is happening during prometaphase
- Nuclear envelope is breaking down
- Chromosomes become fully condensed
- Microtubules are starting to "capture" chromosomes
When does crossing over occur? What is crossing over?
Prophase I. Homologous chromosomes connect together at the chiasmata to create a tetrad. Genes are exchanged between father and mother chromosomes.
What's the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
Haploid -> unpaired chromosomes (n)
Diploid -> paired chromosomes (2n)
Which river separates the US from Mexico?
Rio Grande
What happens if the cell notices irreparable DNA damage at the G2 checkpoint?
Apoptosis
What is the end result of mitosis?
Two genetically identical daughter cells (both diploid)
What is the end result of meiosis I?
2 genetically different haploid daughter cells.
Describe one of the three main differences between mitosis and meiosis
1. Genetic Variation
2. Second Division
3. End Results -> 2 Diploid vs. 4 Haploid
What is the capitol of Maine?
Augusta
Which phase of the cell cycle focuses on preparation for division?
G2
What would happen if at the spindle checkpoint it was determined that there were issues with some of the microtubules?
The microtubules may not properly pull apart the sister chromatids during anaphase and a cell may end up with too many chromosomes or too little.
How are anaphase I and anaphase II different from each other?
Anaphase I is pulling apart homologous chromosomes. Anaphase II is pulling apart sister chromatids.
What's the difference between anaphase in mitosis and anaphase I in meiosis
Anaphase -> pulling apart sister chromatids
Anaphase I -> pulling apart homologous chromosomes
Which saint is nicknamed Dorcas? What's her story?
St. Tabitha. Raised from the dead by St. Peter and known to support the Apostles and sew clothes for them.
Describe what a centrosome is and what its function is
A centrosome is a cellular structure near the nucleus that is involved with the process of cell division. Microtubules grow from it which in turn pull apart sister chromatids in mitosis.
What's the difference between cytokinesis in animal and plant cells?
Plant cells -> cell plate grows down center of cell
Animal cells -> actin filaments pinch the cell at the center
What is independent assortment?
Homologous chromosomes are not perfectly lined up with mother chromosomes on one side and father chromosomes on other side. They can be mixed in all sorts of ways (8 million ways to be exact)
What's the difference between metaphase in mitosis and metaphase II in meiosis?
mitosis -> 46 chromosomes lining up
meiosis II -> 23 chromosomes lining up
Who was Mr. Sheehan's top Spotify artist of the year?
Jackson Browne