ATP
Most energy stored in the _____?
third phosphate
a chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction
catalyst
What happens to the carbon atoms from glucose during cellular respiration?
Released as CO2
What happens to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen?
It undergoes fermentation
What is the net ATP production from glycolysis alone?
2 ATP
The three parts that make up ATP
Adenine, ribose, and phosphate
Release energy
are spontaneous
Exergonic Reactions
Which process does NOT occur in the mitochondria?
Glycolysis
Which molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
Oxygen
During which stage of cellular respiration is the most ATP produced?
ETC
Digestion is what type of reaction?
Catabolic Reaction
amount of energy required to get chemical reaction started
activation energy
Approximately how many ATP molecules are produced from the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule in aerobic respiration?
36-38 ATP
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondrial matrix
In alcoholic fermentation, what happens to the pyruvate molecules?
They are reduced to ethanol and CO₂ is released
The sum of an organism’s chemical reactions
Metabolism
biological catalysts
Most are PROTEINS
Enzymes
What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?
It serves as an electron carrier
What is the primary function of cellular respiration?
To break down glucose and release energy
How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule during fermentation?
2 ATP
Consumes energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones
Anabolic
Enzyme + substrate =
ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX
What are the products of the Krebs Cycle
and how much energy is made?
4 CO2
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2ATP
What is the evolutionary advantage of fermentation for organisms?
It allows cells to produce some ATP when oxygen is unavailable
The diffusion of ions across a membrane
chemiosmosis