ATP & Electron Carriers
What molecule is the cell’s main source of usable energy?
ATP
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytosol
Which stage breaks glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules?
Glycolysis
Aerobic and anaerobic means
Aerobic- with oxygen
Anaerobic- without oxygen
ATP synthase makes ATP during the Electron Transport Chain by...
Adding Phosphate to ADP
How does ATP release energy for the cell?
By losing a phosphate group
Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
Which stage produces CO₂?
Kreb's Cycle
Where does fermentation occur in the cell?
Cytosol
What is oxygen's role in the ETC?
Final electron acceptor. Forms water
What is the name of the main electron carrier used in cellular respiration and what is its role?
NADH- To carry high-energy electrons to later stages where ATP is made
Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Which stage uses oxygen?
Electron Transport Chain
What are the 2 types of Fermentation and what by-product(s) does each produce?
Ethanol Fermentation produces ethanol, and Lactic Acid Fermentation produces Lactic Acid
During the ETC, the flow of H+ through ATP synthase provides it with energy to make ATP. The H+ flow from the __________________ to the ________________ of the mitochondria.
Intermembrane space--> matrix
Explain how cells constantly cycle between ATP-> ADP-> ATP
ATP loses a phosphate, releases energy and becomes ADP. Cellular Respiration recharges ADP back into ATP.
Where does the Kreb's Cycle take place?
The mitochondrial matrix
Which stage produces the most ATP
Electron Transport Chain
A muscle cell is low on oxygen but still needs ATP. Which two processes will happen and which one will produce the ATP?
Glycolysis (ATP) and Lactic Acid fermentation
Name an electron carriers that donates electrons to start the Elecrton Transport Chain (AKA: electron donors)
NADH & FADH2
What enzyme produces ATP and what step of cellular respiration does it take place in?
ATP Synthase during the Electron Transport Chain
Which mitochondrial structure increases surface area for the Electron Transport Chain? AKA- The folds of the inner membrane
Cristae
Glycolysis produces pyruvate, which the Krebs Cycle uses
Why does fermentation help cells survive without oxygen?
It recycles NADH->NAD⁺ so glycolysis can continue
What 2 products are formed during the Electron Transport Chain
Water and ATP