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What is the definition of electronegativity?
The pull an atom has on a shared electron.
Where does Glycolysis take place?
In the Cytoplasm
What are the other names for the Krebs Cycle?
Citric Acid Cycle and the TCA cycle
Where does this take place? (BE SPECIFIC)
In the Cristae of the Mitochondria.
What are the two types of fermentation?
Lactic Acid Fermentation and Alcohol Fermentation
What is the balanced equation for Cellular Respiration?
C6H12O6+6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
What are the two phases of Glycolysis?
1. The Preparatory Phase
2. The Energy Pay Off Phase
What in this cycle comes from the previous one?
The 2 Acetyl Coenzyme A
In this phase, what is the hydrogen ion pump doing? (Include active or passive)
Pumping hydrogen ions from a low to high concentration gradient. (Active Transport)
Lactic Acid is ___ to us. What does it do to us?
Toxic. It gives us muscle cramps and causes pain to build up.
What is Oxidative Phosphorylation?
The oxidation of glucose as it passes its electrons to NADH and FADH2.
What is the term for the oxidation of glucose as it passes its electrons to NADH and FADH2?
How many ATP are used and made in Glycolysis? What's the net ATP made?
4 were made, 2 were used... net ATP= 2
Before it even enters the cycle, the ____ detaches and goes back to the Pyruvate Grooming phase.
Coenzyme A
As you move down the concentration gradient, what happens to the energy in the electrons and why?
The potential energy decreases because the height decreases.
Name 3 things that go through Alcohol Fermentation.
Beer, Wine and Yeast.
1) 5 NADH = ___ ATP
2) 1 glucose = ___ ATP
3) FADH2 ___ = 6 ATP
1) 15 ATP
2) 36-38ATP
3) 3 FADH2
What are the products made from Glycolysis?
2 ATP, 2 H2O, 2 Pyruvate, and 2 NADH
Name 4 of the compounds in the Krebs Cycle.
Oxaloacetate, Malate, Succinate, and Alpha Ketoglutarate
The ___ is increasing as you go down the ETC.
Electronegativity
If yeast interacts with this at 14%, it will die... what is it?
Ethanol.
Compare Strict Anaerobes to Facultative Anaerobes. (Provide short summary and examples)
Strict Anaerobes: O2 is toxic to them. Exist in places like stagnant ponds/lakes and deep in the soil. Ex: Bacteria.
Facultative Anaerobes: Prefers O2 and makes 36-38ATP. Can survive in Anaerobic conditions. Ex: Yeast, Beer, Wine.
The energy released from the glucose at the beginning of Glycolysis is used to power what? (Name 2 things)
1. Some will be used to make ATP
2. Some will be transferred in the form of hydrogen and electrons to the electron carriers.
What are the products from the Krebs Cycle?
6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2, and 2 ATP
How does ATP synthase make ATP? What is the official term for this?
It makes ATP by reattaching the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate. This is known as Phosphorylation.
What is produced by Lactic Acid Fermentation and Alcohol Fermentation? (Be specific with the amounts)
Lactic Acid Fermentation: 2 Lactate
Alcohol Fermentation: 2 Ethanol