Cellular Respiration
Digestion
Cellular Respiration
Digestion
Miscellaneous
100
The combination of the citric acid cycle and electron transport.
Which part of the cellular catabolism of glucose requires molecular oxygen and produces carbon dioxide?
100
Acid chyme
What contains food and gastric juice and moves through the pyloric sphincter?
100
NADH
After completion of the citric acid cycle, most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is in the form of...
100
Ingestion
What is the act of eating?
100
Vitamin A can be stored by the body, but B vitamins cannot because they are water-soluble and are rapidly excreted through the kidneys so they must be replenished daily.
Why is it important to consume B vitamins everyday, but not A vitamins?
200
The formation of CO2 and NADH. (The carboxyl group of pyruvate is removed as a carbon dioxide molecule. The remaining two-carbon fragment is oxidized to acetate while NAD+ is reduced to NADH.
Which of the following accompanies the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA before the citric acid cycle?
200
Minerals
What are needed in the diet as components of teeth and bone, as parts of certain enzymes, for normal muscle and nerve function, and for water balance?
200
The muscle cells will have more trouble making enough ATP to meet their energy requirements, will not be able to carry out oxidative phosphorylation, and will consume glucose at an increased rate.
If muscle cells in the human body consume oxygen faster than it can be supplied, which of the following is likely to result?
200
Organic carbon and organic nitrogen
What two types of organic precursors do animals need to obtain from their food?
200
ADP, ATP, and oxygen. (ADP is converted to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation, and oxygen functions as the terminal electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation.
What substances are involved in oxidative phosphorylation?
300
NAD+ and FAD are not available for glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to continue.
When a poison such as cyanide blocks the electron transport chain, glycolysis and the citric acid cycke soon grind to a halt as well. Which of the following is the best explanation for this?
300
Intracellular digestion
What type of digestion do sponges use?
300
The electron transport chain
Electrons being passed from one carrier to another, releasing little energy at each step describes what process?
300
The sparrow's digestive system would be longer because plant material is more difficult to digest than animal tissue, therefore herbivores typically have longer digestive systems than carnivores.
How would you expect the digestive system of a hawk to compare with that of a seed-eating sparrow?
300
vitamins A, D, E, and K
Which are the fat-soluble vitamins?
400
The transfer of a phosphate group from a fragment of glucose to ADP by substrate-level phosphorylation
A small amount of ATP is made in glycolysis by which of the following processes?
400
Pancreas
What produces the natural antacid that protects the intestines against stomach acid?
400
In the matrix of the mitochondrion
During respiration in eukaryotic cells, reactions of the citric acid cycle occur where?
400
Essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals
What are the essential nutrients?
400
The small intestine because it has a tremendous amount of surface area, by virtue of intestinal villi, which greatly improves the absorption of molecules.
Most nutrient molecules are absorbed by what digestive component and why?
500
At the end of the electron transport chain to accept electrons and form H2O
During aerobic respiration, molecular oxygen is used for which of the following purposes?
500
Digestion
What breaks bonds using enzymatic hydrolysis?
500
The inner membrane of the mitochondrion
Where is the electron transport chain located in eukaryotic cells?
500
A strongly acidic (in terms of pH) environment
What type of environment does the enzyme pepsin work in?
500
36 ATP.
How many ATP are gained by a full cycle of cellular respiration in an aerobic organism?
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